Preparation of Ti/SnO₂-Sb/Rare Earth Electrodes Containing Different Contents of Ni Intermediate Layer for Efficient Electrochemical Decolorization of Rhodamine B

Table 12

Energy per order of decolorized 40 mg·L⁻¹ RhB solution, evaluated from equation (5), and electrochemical decolorization of Ti/SnO₂-Sb-Ni/Re electrodes with various Ni contents and different rare earth elements in 200 ml dye solution.

Electrodes	kapp (min^−1)	Average voltage (V)	Energy (kW·h·m^−3·order^−1)
Ni (0%)/Gd	0.0221	4.5	6.516
Ni (1%)/Gd	0.045	4.4	3.129
Ni (2%)/Gd	0.0861	4.1	1.524
Ni (3.5%)/Gd	0.0335	4.1	3.916
Ni (5%)/Gd	0.0306	4	4.183
Ni (0%)/Ce	0.0136	4.3	10.11
Ni (1%)/Ce	0.0265	4.2	5.071
Ni (2%)/Ce	0.0498	4.1	2.634
Ni (3.5%)/Ce	0.0121	4	10.578
Ni (5%)/Ce	0.0116	4.1	11.310
Ni (0%)/Eu	0.0152	4.5	9.474
Ni (1%)/Eu	0.0312	4.4	4.513
Ni (2%)/Eu	0.0589	4.3	2.336
Ni (3.5%)/Eu	0.0199	4.1	6.593
Ni (5%)/Eu	0.0147	4.2	9.143
Ni (0%)/Er	0.02	4.6	7.361
Ni (1%)/Er	0.038	4.1	3.453
Ni (2%)/Er	0.0554	4.1	2.368
Ni (3.5%)/Er	0.0142	4	9.014
Ni (5%)/Er	0.0173	4.1	7.584

Current intensity = 10 mA·cm⁻², electrolyte = 0.1 mol·L⁻¹ Na₂SO₄, and temperature = 25°C.