Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Formation of Low-Temperature Geothermal Waters in Mangbang-Longling Area of Western Yunnan, China
Table 1
Chemical and isotopic analyses of geothermal water and cold spring samples.
Sample no.
GS1
GS2
GS3
GS4
GS5
GS6
GS7
GS8
GS9
GS10
GS11
GS12
GS13
GS14
CS1
X
17467700
17466890
17466025
17458696
17452200
17452250
17453000
17461020
17453690
17458250
17464774
17455000
17452350
17467957
17466957
Y
2751100
2753164
2752528
2754645
2748820
2762500
2761450
2761550
2753164
2736240
2740586
2736100
2732700
2753276
2760757
Local elevation
1200
1200
1270
1780
1507
1670
1690
1820
1720
1335
1150
1390
1240
1300
1200
T
28.5
24
30
45.5
57
35
36
42
39
51
30
51
53
24
10
pH
6.7
6.9
7.1
7.2
7.1
7
7.2
7.3
7.1
7.2
6.5
6.8
6.5
6.5
6.5
TDS
770
530
388
156
196
124
244
138
118
208
868
132
230
97
76
Flow
1.2
1.2
18.9
0.9
2.1
3.1
0.3
2.0
5.0
3.0
0.0
2.9
0.8
0.8
5.5
K
11.7
8.8
5.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.5
0.6
0.7
1.5
10.2
1.1
11.9
2.0
0.2
Na
206.0
130.0
70.3
41.9
54.9
31.7
44.4
34.6
28.4
57.9
258.0
40.3
157.6
32.0
1.8
Ca
27.6
29.0
39.0
0.8
1.1
2.5
0.8
0.9
1.4
0.6
68.6
1.7
1.1
20.0
28.056
Mg
28.0
15.4
21.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
9.8
0.1
0.0
2.9
2.432
Cl
3.9
2.4
2.1
0.9
1.7
0.9
1.3
0.6
0.5
1.5
4.5
1.8
3.8
1.7
0.5
SO4
1.9
0.4
5.4
10.2
8.9
4.8
5.8
6.8
6.3
10.1
0.1
10.2
16.3
3.8
9.61
HCO3
692.0
490.0
379.0
100.8
118.5
98.2
103.1
102.7
72.4
148.2
917.0
85.4
354.9
167.6
91.02
Sr
0.440
0.290
0.370
0.028
0.034
0.048
0.022
0.025
0.026
0.026
0.590
0.048
0.031
0.172
0.02305
SiO2
62
78
66
70
76
57
63
51
59
78
62
62
82
50
15.2
Li
0.170
0.020
0.001
0.022
0.090
0.014
0.029
0.008
0.010
0.049
0.210
0.050
0.199
0.006
0.0076
As
0.005
0.002
0.001
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.001
0.001
0.005
0.003
0.001
0.001
0.004
0.0032
F
1.6
1.7
0.3
2.5
6.8
3.4
6.5
1.4
1.8
3.0
5.8
0.8
2.2
0.1
0.03
Hydrochemical type
HCO3-Na
HCO3-Na
HCO3-Na
HCO3-Na
HCO3-Na
HCO3-Na
HCO3-Na
HCO3-Na
HCO3-Na
HCO3-Na
HCO3-Na
HCO3-Na
HCO3-Na
HCO3-Ca-Na
HCO3-Ca
Charge balance (%)
6.0
3.0
3.9
−0.3
6.2
−6.2
3.5
−8.1
0.0
−1.8
1.8
6.0
7.0
−3.5
−0.5
δD
−72.6
−67.2
−63.3
−78.9
−72.1
−69.6
−70.9
−74.0
−72.9
−71.5
−70.9
−68.2
−70.6
−57.8
−69.1
δ18O
−10.9
−9.6
−9.2
−11.1
−10.8
−10.6
−10.7
−11.1
−10.9
−9.9
−10.7
−10.0
−10.3
−9.6
−9.18
Elevation difference
1631
1423
1273
1873
1612
1515
1565
1685
1642
1588
1565
1462
1554
1062
1015.384615
Recharge elevation
2831
2623
2543
3653
3119
3185
3255
3505
3362
2923
2715
2852
2794
2362
2215
Note: GS, geothermal spring; CS, cold spring; cations, anions, SiO2, and TDS, trace elements in mg/L; isotopic ratio in ‰ relative to the VSMOW standard; elevation in m.
