Exploration of Productivity, Chemical Composition, and Antioxidant Potential of Origanum vulgare L. Grown at Different Geographical Locations of Western Himalaya, India

Table 5

Chemical constituents identified in the EO of O. vulgare cultivated at different altitudes.

S. no.	Compound	Class of the compound	RIcal	RIlit	Percentage of oil ± SD	Percentage of oil ± SD	Percentage of oil ± SD
					OV1	OV2	OV3
1	α-Thujene	MH	924	924	2.89^b ± 0.02	1.80^a ± 0.02	1.76^a ± 0.03
2	α-Pinene	MH	930	932	1.35^b ± 0.03	0.6^a ± 0.03	2.12^c ± 0.01
3	Camphene	MH	945	946	0.12	0.04 ± 0.01	0.29
4	Sabinene	MH	970	969	0.52^c ± 0.03	0.16^a ± 0.02	0.19^b ± 0.01
5	β-Pinene	MH	974	974	0.32^c ± 0.04	0.16^a ± 0.01	0.20^b ± 0.01
6	Octen-3-ol	ALC	982	974	0.42^a ± 0.03	0.46^b ± 0.04	ND
7	3-Octanone	KET	988	979	ND	ND	5.44 ± 0.03
8	β-Myrcene	MH	988	988	3.35^c ± 0.04	2.50^a ± 0.03	3.26^b ± 0.01
9	α-Phellandrene	MH	1005	1002	0.42^b ± 0.05	ND	0.27^a ± 0.02
10	α-Terpinene	MH	1018	1014	2.52^a ± 0.01	2.75^a ± 0.04	3.3^b ± 0.01
11	p-Cymene	MH	1028	1020	9.49^b ± 0.04	4.81^a ± 0.05	9.97^c ± 0.02
12	D-Limonene	MH	1030	1024	0.69^a ± 0.04	0.05	0.87^b ± 0.02
13	β-Ocimene	MH	1050	1044	1.95^a ± 0.01	ND	9.47^b ± 0.02
14	γ-Terpinene	MH	1067	1054	13.60^b ± 0.02	14.39^c ± 0.04	12.63^a ± 0.02
15	Linalool	OM	1105	1095	13.00^c ± 0.2	8.51^b ± 0.06	4.61^a ± 0.02
16	Camphor	OM	1146	1141	ND	1.98 ± 0.01	ND
17	Borneol	OM	1171	1165	0.08	ND	0.36 ± 0.02
18	Terpinen-4-ol	OM	1181	1174	ND	0.94^a ± 0.01	2.65^b ± 0.02
19	α-Terpineol	OM	1195	1186	0.10	ND	1.54 ± 0.01
20	Indole	AM	1295	1290	0.37	ND	ND
21	Thymol	OM	1310	1289	38.81^b ± 0.03	52.83^c ± 0.06	31.86^a ± 0.01
22	Carvacrol	OM	1312	1298	0.04	ND	1.09^b ± 0.01
23	Thymol acetate	OM	1370	1370	0.38^c ± 0.01	0.24^b ± 0.04	0.15^a ± 0.01
24	Caryophyllene	SH	1417	1417	4.50^c ± 0.07	3.87^b ± 0.02	1.41^a ± 0.01
25	α-Humulene	SH	1460	1452	0.23^a ± 0.02	0.74^b ± 0.05	ND
26	Germacrene D	SH	1481	1484	1.19^b ± 0.03	0.85^a ± 0.04	ND
27	Farnesene <(E,E)-, alpha-	SH	1503	1505	0.32 ± 0.01	ND	ND
28	β-Bisabolene	SH	1505	1505	ND	ND	1.57 ± 0.04
29	γ-Cadinene	SH	1509	1513	0.09^b ± 0.02	ND	0.18^a ± 0.01
30	Caryophyllene oxide	OS	1578	1582	0.58 ± 0.03	ND	ND
31	Cadin-4-en-10-ol	OS	1640	1635	0.11^a ± 0.01	ND	0.24^b ± 0.01
32	α-Bisabolene	SH	1682	1685	0.29 ± 0.04	ND	ND
Total compounds identified					28	18	24
Total %					97.73	97.68	95.43

RI_cal = retention index (RI) calculated relative to n-alkane homologous series (C₉–C₃₃) on the Rtx-5 column; RI_lit = library, MS data, and literature (Adams, 2007); mean values within the same row followed by different alphabets (a–c) at the superscript for specific compounds are significantly different at a significance level of 0.05; SD = standard deviation; MH: monoterpene hydrocarbons (1, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 10–15); ALC: alcohol (6 and 9); KET: ketone (8); AM: alkaloid monoterpene (21); OM: oxygenated monoterpenes (16–20 and 22–24); SH: sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (25–31); OS: oxygenated sesquiterpenes (32–34).