Impact of Plasma-Activated Water (PAW) on Seed Germination of Soybean

Table 1

Physical and biological parameters of control and plasma-activated water (PAW).

Physical and biological parameters	Treatment time (minutes)
	0	5	10	15	20
pH	8.91 ± 0.00^a	8.81 ± 0.00^b	8.72 ± 0.00^c	8.6 ± 0.00^d	8.5 ± 0.00^e
Turbidity (NTU)	1.4 ± 0.00^a	1.3 ± 0.00^b	0.8 ± 0.00^c	0.7 ± 0.00^d	0.6 ± 0.00^e
Total dissolved solid (mg/L)	152 ± 0.05^a	52 ± 0.01^b	27 ± 0.01^c	2 ± 0.05^d	0 ± 0.00^e
Total suspended solid (mg/L)	77 ± 0.05^a	52 ± 0.00^b	27 ± 0.00^c	2 ± 0.00^d	0 ± 0.00^e
Conductivity (µS/cm)	262 ± 0.00^e	265 ± 0.00^d	267 ± 0.00^c	269 ± 0.00^b	271 ± 0.00^a
Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)	6.51 ± 0.00^e	6.62 ± 0.00^d	6.73 ± 0.01^c	6.96 ± 0.02^b	7 ± 0.01^a
E. coli (CFU/100 mL)	100 ± 0.00^a	50 ± 0.00^b	0 ± 0.00^c	0 ± 0.00^c	0 ± 0.00^c

All the experiments were performed with five repetitions, and the findings were expressed as mean ± standard error (SE). The significant difference in the mean of the physical and biological parameters of water was analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison analysis using GraphPad Prism 8.0.2. Different letters in the same row indicate the significant difference in mean values at .