Review Article

Bioremediation of Chromium by Microorganisms and Its Mechanisms Related to Functional Groups

Table 2

Involvement of various functional groups as revealed by FTIR analysis in chromium binding by different microorganisms.

FUNGI
S/noFungiFunctional groupsAdsorption isothermsReferences

1Aspergillus foetidusC=O, C-Cl, PO4−3 amine, N=C=S, OH, C-OFreundlich[190]
2Aspergillus nigerC=O, amine, C-OH, C-NH3Freundlich
3Aureobasidium pullulansC=O, C-H, amine, N-N=O, C=C-HFreundlich
4Aspergillus terricolaC=C-H, C=O, C-OH, amine, C=NFreundlich
5Cladosporium resinaeC=C-H, COH, C=C-H C=C, N-N=O, CS-NH, C=SFreundlich
6Acremonium strictumC=O, CH3, C-NH3, C=C-H, C-Cl, C=N, C-O, COHLangmuir
7Phanerochaete chrysosporiumC-O, C=C, C-Cl, amine, C=O, C=N, CS-NH, PO4−3Freundlich
8Paecilomyces variotiiAmine, CC, CN, OH, PO4−3, C=S, OHLangmuir
9Aspergillus terreus-OH, -CH, N-H, -SO2-N, P-O[151]
10Pleurotus ostreatusNH and COOH[153]
11Aspergillus niger-COOH, -OH, -NH2[187]
12Arthrinium malaysianum–OH, C–O, C=O, –NO2, CxOH[191]

BACTERIA

1Bacillus marisflavi and Arthrobacter sp_OH, –NH acetamido group, amide bond, C=O of COO-, free phosphates, phosphate groups, –CN[192]
2Klebsiella sp.-NH2, O-H, -CONH-, -COOH, C = C, -CH2Freundlich[141]
3Halomonas sp. DK4–OH, –CH2, N-H, P–O–C, C=OLangmuir[140]
4Bacillus cereus Pf-1–OH, –CH and –NH stretching, C = O, –COO, –C–O and –C–NLangmuir and Freundlich[193]
5Sinorhizobium sp. SAR1N-H, O-H, C-O, P-O, C-HLangmuir[142]
6Pseudomonas aeruginosa Rb-1 and Ochrobactrum intermedium Rb-2-OH, -NH, S-H, C=C, carboxylic group, SO2O, C-O, S = O, -C-C- and C-Cl,[194]
7Bacillus cereus IST105O–H, N–H, C=C, P=O, C–O,[195]
8Streptomyces werraensis LD22O–H or N–H, C–H, C–O[196]

MICROALGAE

1Spirulina platensisC=O, C-C, C-O-C, P=O groups, COO-, CH2 and NHC(O) amid groups, Carboxyl groups[197]
2Chlorella miniataCarboxylate group, C–O, amide I and amide II, amino group, O–H and N–H, –CH3 and , P=O and C–OLangmuir[198]
3Chlorella miniataO-H and N-H, C-H, -CH3, COO-, P=O, C-O[199]
4Spirulina platensis–OH and –NH, C=O, -C triple bond, C-H, carboxylate and phosphoryl groupsFreundlich[161]
5Isochrysis galbana,–OH, –COOH and C=O, –NH,Langmuir and Freundlich[162]
6Pediastrum boryanum–OH, –COOH, –NH, C–O, –CH3, C–OH, C–N–C,[174]
7Lyngbya putealis-NH, -CH, -C≡N, and –C=C[200]
8Scenedesmus spN-H, O-H, C-H, -COOH, C-F, C-Cl, C-Br, C-OLangmuir and Freundlich[167]