Occurrence of Pharmaceutical Residues and Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Water and Sediments from Major Reservoirs (Owabi and Barekese Dams) in Ghana

Table 4

Ecological risk assessment of sediment samples from Barekese and Owabi reservoirs.

	Pharmaceutical	MEC (μg/kg)	PNEC (μg/kg)	HQ	Comment
Barekese			Fish (0.5400)	18.93	High risk
	Chloramphenicol	10.22	Daphnia (0.5430)	18.82	High risk
			Algae (0.1850)	55.24	High risk
Owabi			Fish (0.3780)	17.30	High risk
	Paracetamol	6.54	Daphnia (0.0092)	710.87	High risk
			Algae (0.1340)	48.81	High risk

implies minimum risk, implies medium risk, and implies high risk [20]. MEC: maximum estimated concentration; PNEC: predicted no-effect concentration; HQ: hazard quotient.