Pietro Calandra

Valeria La Parola

Vincenzo Turco Liveri

Elefterios Lidorikis

Fabio Finocchi

Composite Nanoparticles

Artificial neural network (ANN) models have the capacity to eliminate the need for expensive experimental investigation in various areas of manufacturing processes, including the casting methods. An understanding of the interrelationships between input variables is essential for interpreting the sensitivity data and optimizing the design parameters. Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) have attracted considerable attention for chemical, physical, and medical applications due to their exceptional properties. The nanocrystal silver was synthesized into an interlamellar space of montmorillonite by using the chemical reduction technique. The method has an advantage of size control which is essential in nanometals synthesis. Silver nanoparticles with nanosize and devoid of aggregation are favorable for several properties. In this investigation, the accuracy of artificial neural network training algorithm was applied in studying the effects of different parameters on the particles, including the AgNO<sub>3</sub> concentration, reaction temperature, UV-visible wavelength, and montmorillonite (MMT) d-spacing on the prediction of size of silver nanoparticles. Analysis of the variance showed that the AgNO<sub>3</sub> concentration and temperature were the most significant factors affecting the size of silver nanoparticles. Using the best performing artificial neural network, the optimum conditions predicted were a concentration of AgNO<sub>3</sub> of 1.0&#x2009;(M), MMT d-spacing of 1.27&#x2009;nm, reaction temperature of 27&#xb0;C, and wavelength of 397.50&#x2009;nm.

Parvaneh Shabanzadeh

Norazak Senu

Kamyar Shameli

Maryam Mohaghegh Tabar

Artificial Intelligence in Numerical Modeling of Silver Nanoparticles Prepared in Montmorillonite Interlayer Space

A cost-effective fabrication of random noble-metal nanostructures with a feature size of the order of 10&#x2009;nm on a large-area dielectric substrate is described. The method combines dry etching of the substrate through a self-organized metal mask with a directional deposition of a multilayered metal film. The technique allows one to create metal nanoislands on a nanopatterned dielectric template with an enhanced adhesion between the metal and the dielectric. The use of the adhesion layer&#x2014;that makes the structures stable&#x2014;is important in view of variety of optical and other potential applications of the structures. We observe that the presence of the adhesion sublayer dramatically influences both the morphological and optical properties of the structures. The results of this work can be of interest in regard to the development of new approaches to self-organization-based nanofabrication of extremely small metal and metal-dielectric nanostructures on large-area substrates.

Victor Ovchinnikov

Andriy Shevchenko

Self-Organization-Based Fabrication of Stable Noble-Metal Nanostructures on Large-Area Dielectric Substrates

In this work was studied the permeation of CO<sub>2</sub> in films of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and organoclay modified with polyvinylalcohol (<svg style="vertical-align:-4.8335pt;width:112.125px;" id="M1" height="17.612499" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 112.125 17.612499" width="112.125" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.537)"><path id="x4D" d="M861 0h-263v28q61 5 73 22t12 97l-4 408h-4l-244 -548h-20l-224 534h-2l-15 -285q-5 -98 -3 -166q1 -34 19.5 -45t72.5 -17v-28h-233v28q45 5 62.5 17t22.5 43q11 65 19 183l14 208q3 36 3.5 55t-2.5 37.5t-6.5 25t-16.5 13t-25.5 8t-39.5 4.5v28h164l228 -501l232 501&#xA;h170v-28q-68 -6 -81 -21.5t-11 -91.5l9 -362q2 -80 15 -97t78 -22v-28z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,15.208,11.537)"><use xlink:href="#x4D" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,30.354,11.537)"><path id="x54" d="M592 498l-30 -3q-13 63 -31 89q-13 19 -33.5 25.5t-75.5 6.5h-70v-493q0 -60 16 -75.5t86 -19.5v-28h-286v28q68 4 83.5 19.5t15.5 75.5v493h-62q-60 0 -83 -7t-33 -24q-12 -17 -32 -90h-29q10 116 12 180h20q10 -16 21 -20.5t34 -4.5h395q19 0 28.5 5t21.5 20h21&#xA;q2 -89 11 -177z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,40.838,15.612)"><path id="x48" d="M729 650v-28q-62 -5 -76 -19.5t-14 -75.5v-404q0 -62 13.5 -76t75.5 -19v-28h-268v28q65 5 79.5 19t14.5 76v199h-341v-199q0 -62 14 -76t76 -19v-28h-263v28q61 5 74.5 19t13.5 76v404q0 62 -14 76t-76 19v28h259v-28q-58 -5 -71 -19t-13 -76v-162h341v162&#xA;q0 61 -13.5 75.5t-72.5 19.5v28h261z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,49.952,15.612)"><path id="x44" d="M43 650h280q194 0 282 -85q85 -82 85 -215q0 -173 -123 -267q-107 -83 -297 -83h-236v27q65 5 79.5 19.5t14.5 77.5v402q0 45 -6 62.5t-21.5 24t-57.5 9.5v28zM213 547v-416q0 -55 24.5 -75t81.5 -20q133 0 203 86t70 214q0 80 -30 143t-88 97q-66 41 -170 41&#xA;q-62 0 -78 -13q-13 -9 -13 -57z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,58.638,15.612)"><use xlink:href="#x54" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,65.896,15.612)"><use xlink:href="#x4D" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,76.498,15.612)"><path id="x41" d="M673 0h-245v28q47 6 58 16t1 39l-55 154h-213q-31 -87 -36 -129q-16 -47 -5 -61t68 -19v-28h-226v28q50 7 68.5 23.5t43.5 80.5l214 524l24 9l193 -536q23 -63 41.5 -79.5t68.5 -21.5v-28zM418 280l-81 255h-2q-74 -197 -101 -255h184z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,84.712,15.612)"><path id="x2F" d="M368 703l-264 -866h-60l265 866h59z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,89.612,15.612)"><path id="x50" d="M46 650h247q112 0 169 -41q64 -49 64 -141q0 -91 -56.5 -143t-138.5 -62q-23 -3 -45 -1l-74 19v-157q0 -63 15.5 -77t83.5 -19v-28h-271v28q60 5 74 20t14 77v400q0 65 -12.5 79t-69.5 18v28zM212 559v-245q31 -12 73 -12q59 0 102 38t43 124q0 77 -42.5 115.5&#xA;t-108.5 38.5q-44 0 -56 -12q-11 -8 -11 -47z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,96.311,15.612)"><path id="x56" d="M687 650v-28q-52 -6 -71.5 -23t-47.5 -83q-142 -346 -208 -527h-31q-119 325 -207 545q-21 54 -39.5 68.5t-65.5 19.5v28h245v-28q-52 -5 -61.5 -15.5t3.5 -43.5q55 -157 166 -437h2q120 303 158 421q14 43 3.5 55.5t-71.5 19.5v28h225z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,103.225,15.612)"><use xlink:href="#x41" /></g></svg>) obtained from melt blending. Permeation study showed that the incorporation of the modified organoclay generates a significant effect on the barrier properties of HDPE. When a load of 2 wt% of <svg style="vertical-align:-4.8335pt;width:112.125px;" id="M2" height="17.612499" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 112.125 17.612499" width="112.125" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.537)"><use xlink:href="#x4D" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,15.208,11.537)"><use xlink:href="#x4D" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,30.354,11.537)"><use xlink:href="#x54" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,40.838,15.612)"><use xlink:href="#x48" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,49.952,15.612)"><use xlink:href="#x44" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,58.638,15.612)"><use xlink:href="#x54" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,65.896,15.612)"><use xlink:href="#x4D" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,76.498,15.612)"><use xlink:href="#x41" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,84.712,15.612)"><use xlink:href="#x2F" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,89.612,15.612)"><use xlink:href="#x50" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,96.311,15.612)"><use xlink:href="#x56" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,103.225,15.612)"><use xlink:href="#x41" /></g></svg> was incorporated in the polymer matrix, the flow of CO<sub>2</sub> decreased 43.7% compared to pure polyethylene. The results of TEM showed that clay layers were dispersed in the polymeric matrix, obtaining an exfoliated-structure nanocomposite. The thermal stability of nanocomposite was significantly enhanced with respect to the pristine HDPE. DSC results showed that the crystallinity was maintained as the pure polymeric matrix. Consequently, the decrease of permeability was attributable only to the effect of tortuosity generated by the dispersion of <svg style="vertical-align:-4.8335pt;width:112.125px;" id="M3" height="17.612499" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 112.125 17.612499" width="112.125" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.537)"><use xlink:href="#x4D" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,15.208,11.537)"><use xlink:href="#x4D" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,30.354,11.537)"><use xlink:href="#x54" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,40.838,15.612)"><use xlink:href="#x48" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,49.952,15.612)"><use xlink:href="#x44" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,58.638,15.612)"><use xlink:href="#x54" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,65.896,15.612)"><use xlink:href="#x4D" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,76.498,15.612)"><use xlink:href="#x41" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,84.712,15.612)"><use xlink:href="#x2F" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,89.612,15.612)"><use xlink:href="#x50" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,96.311,15.612)"><use xlink:href="#x56" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,103.225,15.612)"><use xlink:href="#x41" /></g></svg>. Notably the mechanical properties remain equal to those of pure polyethylene, but with an increase in barrier properties to CO<sub>2</sub>. This procedure allows obtaining nanocomposites of HDPE with a good barrier property to CO<sub>2</sub> which would make it competitive in the use of packaging.

Mar&#xed;a C. Carrera

Eleonora Erdmann

Hugo A. Dest&#xe9;fanis

Barrier Properties and Structural Study of Nanocomposite of HDPE/Montmorillonite Modified with Polyvinylalcohol

Two kinds of carbon-support 20&#x25; Pd/C catalysts for use in direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC) have been prepared by an impregnation reduction method using NaBH<sub>4</sub> and NaH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>2</sub> as reductants, respectively, in this study. The catalysts were characterized by XRD and TEM. The results show that the catalysts had been completely reduced, and the catalysts are spherical and homogeneously dispersed on carbon. The electrocatalytic activity of the catalysts was investigated by electrochemical measurements. The results indicate that the catalysts had an average particle size of 3.3&#x2009;nm and showed the better catalytic performance, when NaBH<sub>4</sub> was used as the reducing agent. The electrochemical active surface area of Pd/C (NaBH<sub>4</sub>) was 56.4&#x2009;m<sup>2</sup>&#x000B7;g<sup>&#x2212;1</sup>. The electrochemical activity of the Pd/C (NaBH<sub>4</sub>) was much higher than that of Pd/C (NaH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>2</sub>).

Qiao Xia Li

Ming Shuang Liu

Qun Jie Xu

Hong Min Mao

Preparation and Electrocatalytic Characteristics Research of Pd/C Catalyst for Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell

Anatase titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TNPs) are synthesized by a simple and cost-effective process with and without freshly water-soluble egg white proteins (albumin) via sol-gel method. The main advantage of using egg white proteins as a gelling agent is that it can provide long-term stability for nanoparticles by preventing particles agglomeration. The X-ray diffraction and FTIR results indicate that the synthesized nanoparticles have only the anatase structure without the presence of any other phase impurities. Additionally, the TNPs are characterized by a number of techniques such as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and ultraviolet visible spectra (UV-vis). The sizes of titanium dioxide nanoparticles with and without using egg white solution are <svg style="vertical-align:-0.3003pt;width:82.525002px;" id="M1" height="11.2875" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 82.525002 11.2875" width="82.525002" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,10.862)"><path id="x31" d="M384 0h-275v27q67 5 81.5 18.5t14.5 68.5v385q0 38 -7.5 47.5t-40.5 10.5l-48 2v24q85 15 178 52v-521q0 -55 14.5 -68.5t82.5 -18.5v-27z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,8.222,10.862)"><path id="x32" d="M412 140l28 -9q0 -2 -35 -131h-373v23q112 112 161 170q59 70 92 127t33 115q0 63 -31 98t-86 35q-75 0 -137 -93l-22 20l57 81q55 59 135 59q69 0 118.5 -46.5t49.5 -122.5q0 -62 -29.5 -114t-102.5 -130l-141 -149h186q42 0 58.5 10.5t38.5 56.5z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,16.381,10.862)"><path id="x2E" d="M113 -12q-24 0 -39.5 16t-15.5 42q0 24 16 40.5t40 16.5t40 -16.5t16 -40.5q0 -26 -16 -42t-41 -16z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,20.257,10.862)"><path id="x35" d="M153 550l-26 -186q79 31 111 31q90 0 141.5 -51t51.5 -119q0 -93 -89 -166q-85 -69 -173 -71q-32 0 -61.5 11.5t-41.5 23.5q-18 17 -17 34q2 16 22 33q14 9 26 -1q61 -50 124 -50q60 0 93 43.5t33 104.5q0 69 -41.5 110t-121.5 41q-53 0 -102 -20l38 305h286l6 -8&#xA;l-26 -65h-233z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,28.416,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x35" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,40.35,10.862)"><path id="xB1" d="M535 290h-212v-206h-58v206h-213v50h213v193h58v-193h212v-50zM535 -22h-483v50h483v-50z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,54.102,10.862)"><path id="x33" d="M285 378v-2q65 -13 102 -54.5t37 -97.5q0 -57 -30.5 -104.5t-74 -75t-85.5 -42t-72 -14.5q-31 0 -59.5 11t-40.5 23q-19 18 -16 36q1 16 23 33q13 10 24 0q58 -51 124 -51q55 0 88 40t33 112q0 64 -39 96.5t-88 32.5q-29 0 -64 -11l-6 29q77 25 118 57.5t41 84.5&#xA;q0 45 -26.5 69.5t-68.5 24.5q-67 0 -120 -79l-20 20l43 63q51 56 127 56h1q66 0 107 -37t41 -95q0 -42 -31 -71q-22 -23 -68 -54z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,62.261,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x2E" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,66.137,10.862)"><path id="x34" d="M456 178h-96v-72q0 -51 12.5 -62.5t72.5 -16.5v-27h-256v27q65 5 78 17t13 62v72h-260v28q182 271 300 426h40v-407h96v-47zM280 225v295h-2q-107 -148 -196 -295h198z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,74.296,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x32" /></g></svg> nm and <svg style="vertical-align:-0.3003pt;width:82.525002px;" id="M2" height="11.2875" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 82.525002 11.2875" width="82.525002" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x32" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,8.222,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x31" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,16.381,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x2E" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,20.257,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x34" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,28.416,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x35" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,40.35,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#xB1" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,54.102,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x34" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,62.261,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x2E" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,66.137,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x32" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,74.296,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x31" /></g></svg> nm, respectively. The results indicate that egg white solution is a reliable and cheap green gelling agent that can be used as a matrix in the sol-gel method to synthesis tiny size TNPs.

Samira Bagheri

Sharifah Bee Abd Hamid

Synthesis and Characterization of Anatase Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Using Egg White Solution via Sol-Gel Method

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Journal of Chemistry publishes original research articles as well as review articles on all aspects of fundamental and applied chemistry, including biological, environmental, forensic, inorganic, organic, physical and theoretical.

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Journal of Chemistry

Composite Nanoparticles

Composite Nanoparticles

Articles

Composite Nanoparticles

Artificial Intelligence in Numerical Modeling of Silver Nanoparticles Prepared in Montmorillonite Interlayer Space

Self-Organization-Based Fabrication of Stable Noble-Metal Nanostructures on Large-Area Dielectric Substrates

Barrier Properties and Structural Study of Nanocomposite of HDPE/Montmorillonite Modified with Polyvinylalcohol

Preparation and Electrocatalytic Characteristics Research of Pd/C Catalyst for Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell

Synthesis and Characterization of Anatase Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Using Egg White Solution via Sol-Gel Method