Efficient and Secure Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks through Optimal Power Control and Optimal Handoff-Based Recovery Mechanism

Table 1

Simulation parameters.

Area of sensing field	1000 * 1000 m
Number of sensor nodes	500
Simulation time	600 s
Frequency	2.4 GHz
Bandwidth	2 Mbps
Traffic type	Constant bit rate (CBR)
Payload size	30 to 70 Bytes
Number of loads	200 Packets
Number of nodes	500 nodes
Propagation limit (dbm)	−111.0
Path loss model	Two ray model