A Review of the Potential Utility of Mycophenolate Mofetil as a Cancer Therapeutic

Table 3

Antitumorigenicity of other IMPDH inhibitors.

IMPDH inhibitors	Study design: results	Suggested pathways	References
Tiazofurin	Preclinical: activation of erythroid differentiation program of human leukemia K-562 cells	Downregulation of c-ras gene	Gebeyehu et al., 1985 [66]; Olah et al., 1988 [67]
	Phase I: ∙ 16 patients with nonlymphocytic leukemia or myeloid blast crisis of chronic granulocytic leukemia.; ∘ 8 patients showed improvement or complete remission.		Tricot et al., 1989 [68]
	Phase II: ∙ 6 patients with bcr-abl positive AML or CML in blast crisis; ∘ Transient hematological response		Malek et al., 2004 [69]
Benzamide riboside	Preclinical: induction of apoptosis in human lung cancer H520 cells	Increased caspase 3 activity and PAPR cleavage	Khanna et al., 2004 [70]
AVN-944	Preclinical: inhibition of cell proliferation in prostate cancer cell lines	Cell cycle arrest	Floryk and Thompson, 2008 [71]
	Phase I: well tolerated in 25 healthy males		Hamilton et al., 2009 [72]
VX-944	Preclinical: induction of apoptosis in multiple myeloma cell lines	Caspase-independent pathway	Ishitsuka et al., 2005 [73]