Predicting School Bullying Victimization: Focusing on Individual and School Environmental/Security Factors
Table 3
The results from multinomial logistic regression models with inverse probability weighted estimation.
Variables
Physical1
Emotional1
P & E1
Physical1
Emotional1
P & E1
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
SE
School characteristics
Security guards
.68*
.12
.80**
.06
.67**
.06
.70
.13
.80**
.06
.74**
.07
Locked doors
.81
.13
.88
.06
.88
.07
.82
.13
.88
.06
.86
.07
Security cameras
1.38
.26
.96
.07
1.06
.09
1.49*
.29
.94
.07
.99
.09
Fairness of school rules
.89
.06
.90**
.03
.83**
.03
.91
.07
.91**
.03
.86**
.03
Awareness of school rules
.73*
.11
1.12
.07
.89
.07
.75
.12
1.10
.08
.89
.07
Awareness of punishments
1.04
.15
.88*
.06
.92
.07
1.04
.16
.87*
.06
.89
.07
Gangs at school
1.50*
.28
1.34**
.11
1.74**
.16
1.40
.27
1.38**
.11
1.69**
.17
Guns at school
1.30
.39
1.56**
.22
2.11**
.30
1.10
.35
1.48**
.21
1.88**
.28
Students misbehaving
1.50**
.14
1.64**
.07
2.08**
.11
1.47**
.14
1.62**
.07
1.97**
.11
Teachers’ punishment
1.17
.12
1.13**
.05
1.38**
.07
1.14
.12
1.13**
.05
1.38**
.08
Type of school (1: private)
.64
.23
1.11
.13
.95
.15
.69
.25
1.08
.13
.95
.16
School location (1: urban)
.95
.17
.93
.07
.91
.08
.96
.18
.97
.08
.99
.10
Individual/demographic
Skipping classes
1.55
.41
1.47**
.20
1.23
.19
Fighting last 6 months
7.06**
1.70
1.93**
.34
7.57**
1.13
Teacher-student relationship
.99
.08
1.02
.04
.99
.05
Extra-curricular activities
1.49*
.28
1.29**
.11
1.25*
.12
GPA
.89
.08
.92
.04
.86**
.04
Age
1.05
.04
.99
.02
.99
.02
Race (1: Nonwhite)
.69
.15
.85
.08
.68**
.08
Ethnicity (1: hispanic)
.86
.18
.86
.09
.58**
.08
Sex (1: males)
1.55*
.26
.71**
.05
1.05
.09
Year (1: 2007)
.82
.13
1.07
.07
1.29**
.11
Log Pseudo likelihood
−23,755.40
−22,627.13
Wald chi-squared (df)
774.51 (36)**
1,007.08 (66)**
Pseudo
.08
.11
6,988
6,891
P < .01, P < .05, SE: robust standard error, : relative risk ratio, and : number of observations after listwise deletion of incomplete cases. None is the reference category.
