Contemporaneous and Lagged Effects of Life Domains and Substance Use: A Test of Agnew's General Theory of Crime and Delinquency

Table 2

Logistic regressions of alcohol consumption and marijuana usage on Time 1 life domain variables (contemporaneous and lagged effects)^a.

	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4	(T1-T2)^b; Drank alcohol	(T1-T2); Used marijuan
	T1 drank alcohol; (𝑁=7190)	T1 used marijuana; (𝑁=7193)	T2 drank alcohol; (𝑁=6112)	T2 used marijuana; (𝑁=5852)
T1 low self-control	0.116* (1.123)	0.151* (1.163)	0.091* (1.096)	0.096* (1.101)	0.02	0.06
T1 attitudes favorable to deviance	0.116* (1.123)	0.107* (1.113)	0.044* (1.045)	0.066* (1.068)	0.07	0.04
T1 close communication with parents	0.010 (1.010)	−0.027 (0.974)	0.017 (1.017)	0.008 (1.008)	−0.01	−0.02
T1 poor supervision/discipline	0.019** (1.019)	0.047* (1.048)	0.004 (1.004)	0.018 (1.018)	0.02	0.03
T1 negative treatment by teacher	0.068 (1.070)	0.100 (1.106)	0.059 (1.061)	0.231*** (1.260)	0.01	−0.15
T1 negative attachment to school	0.025 (1.025)	−0.029 (0.972)	0.040 (1.041)	−0.044 (0.957)	−0.01	−0.01
T1 low educational goals	−0.017 (0.983)	0.032 (1.033)	−0.022 (0.978)	−0.002 (0.998)	0.00	0.02
T1 homework time	−0.009 (0.991)	0.012 (1.013)	0.013 (1.013)	−0.014 (0.986)	−0.01	0.01
T1 conventional peers	−0.074* (0.929)	−0.105* (0.901)	−0.035 (0.966)	−0.015 (0.985)	0.04	0.08
T0 prior smoking cigarettes	0.491* (1.634)	1.344* (3.834)	0.094 (1.099)	−0.163 (0.849)	—	—
T1 drank alcohol	—	—	1.242* (3.463)	0.955* (2.599)	—	—
T1 used marijuana	—	—	0.662** (1.939)	1.737* (5.680)	—	—
T1 victimization	0.095 (1.099)	0.102 (1.107)	0.042 (1.042)	−0.006 (0.994)	—	—
Gender	−0.183* (0.833)	−0.377* (0.686)	0.248* (1.281)	0.117 (1.124)	—	—
African American	−0.509* (0.601)	−0.211 (0.810)	−0.464* (.628)	−0.573 (0.564)	—	—
White	0.294* (1.342)	0.204 (1.227)	0.176*** (1.192)	0.194 (1.214)	—	—
Parent education	−0.048 (0.953)	0.003 (1.003)	−0.037 (0.963)	0.000 (1.000)	—	—
Family SES quartile	0.137** (1.147)	0.159 (1.172)	0.107 (1.112)	0.144 (1.155)	—	—
School type	−0.373* (0.689)	0.358 (1.430)	−0.464* (0.628)	−0.171 (1.055)	—	—
School area	0.096** (1.101)	−.171*** (0.843)	−0.015 (0.985)	−0.124 (0.849)	—	—
Constant	−3.950*	−6.945*	−2.251*	−6.020*	—	—
Model 𝑋^2	1228.300*	788.60*	691.697*	407.964*	—	—
Pseudo-𝑅^2	0.16	0.10	0.17	0.11	—	—

aNote: entries are unstandardized coefficients; odds ratio are in parentheses; ^bthe last two columns display the differences in terms of odds ratio between the contemporaneous and lagged effects of the T1 life domain variables on T1 drank alcohol and T1 used marijuana.
^∗𝑃<0.001; ^∗∗𝑃<0.01; ^∗∗∗𝑃<0.05.