Current State-of-Art and New Trends on Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN and NLC) for Oral Drug Delivery

Table 1

Examples of drugs, miscellaneous active ingredients and macrocyclic skeletons incorporated into lipid nanoparticles.

Incorporated drug or substance	Lipid	Advantageous	System	References
3′-Azido-3′-deoxythymidine palmitate	Trilaurin	Stable after autoclaving, and can be lyophilized and rehydrated	SLN	[51]
5-Fluorouracil	Dynasa 114 and Dynasan 118	Prolonged release in simulated colonic medium	SLN	[52]
Apomorphine	Glyceryl monostearate, polyethylene glycol monostearate	Enhanced the bioavailability in rats	SLN	[20]
Ascorbyl palmitate	Imwitor 900 and Labrafil M1944	Viscoelastic measurements is appropriate for topical/dermal application	NLC	[53]
Baclofen	Stearic acid	Significantly higher drug concentrations in plasma	SLN	[54]
Benzyl nicotinate	Dynasan 116	Increased oxygenation in the skin	SLN	[55]
Calcitonin	Trimyristin	Improvement of the efficiency of such carriers for oral delivery of proteins	SLN	[56]
Camptothecin	Monostearin and Soybean Oil 788	Stable and high performance delivery system	NLC	[57, 58]
Clozapine	Trimyristin, tripalmitin, and tristearin	Improvement of bioavailability	SLN	[59]
Cyclosporin A	glyceryl monostearate, and glyceryl palmitostearate	Controlled release	SLN	[60, 61]
Dexamethasone	Compritol 888 ATO	Drug delivery topical use	SLN	[62]
Diazepam	Compritol ATO 888 and Imwitor 900 K	Prolonged release	SLN	[63]
Doxorubicin	Glyceryl caprate	Enhanced apoptotic death	SLN	[64]
Gonadotropin release hormone	Monostearin	Prolonged release	SLN	[65]
Hydrocortisone	Monoglyceride, chain length of the fatty acid moiety	SLN stable with release properties	SLN	[66]
Ibuprofen	stearic acid, triluarin, tripalmitin	Stable formulation and negligible cell cytotoxicity	SLN	[67]
Idarubicin	Emulsifying wax	Potential to deliver anticancer drugs	SLN	[68]
Insulin	Stearic acid, octadecyl alcohol, cetyl palmitate, glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl palmitostearate, glyceryl tripalmitate, glyceryl behenate	Promising for oral delivery of proteins	SLN	[50]
Ketoprofen	mixture of beeswax and carnauba wax	SLN with beeswax content exhibited faster drug release as compared carnauba wax	SLN	[69]
Lopinavir	Compritol 888 ATO	Bioavailability enhanced	SLN	[70]
Nimesulide	Glyceryl behenate, palmitostearate, glyceryl tristearate	Sustained drug release	SLN	[71]
Penciclovir	Glyceryl monostearate	Provide a good skin targeting	SLN	[72]
Progesterone	Monostearin, stearic acid and oleic acid	Potential drug delivery system for oral administration	NLC	[73, 74]
Repaglinide	Glycerol monostearate and tristearin	Toxicity study indicated that the SLN were well tolerated	SLN	[22, 49]
Salbutamol sulphate	Monostearin and PEG2000	Formulation accelerate release of hydrophilic small molecule drugs	SLN	[75]
Tetracycline	glyceryl monostearate and stearic acid	Sustained release	SLN	[76]