C-Reactive Protein and Gamma-Glutamyltransferase Concentrations in Relation to the Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Diagnosed by Glucose or HbA1c Criteria in Chinese Adults in Qingdao, China
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of participants according to diabetes status defined according to either glucose or HbA1c criteria in individuals without a prior history of diabetes.
FPG 7.0 mmol/L and/or 2hPG 11.1 mmol/L
HbA1c 6.5%
Men
Women
Men
Women
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Number (%)
1014 (86.9)
153 (13.1)
1423 (88.6)
184 (11.4)
1044 (89.5)
123 (10.5)
1446 (90.0)
161 (10.0)
Age (years)
48.4
52.8
48.3
55.3
49.2
48.4
49.0
49.4
(47.5, 49.3)
(52.0, 53.6)*
(48.0, 48.6)
(54.6, 56.0)*
(48.9, 49.5)
(47.5, 49.3)
(48.7, 49.3)
(48.5, 50.3)
School years9 (%)
45.3
43.4
36.5
25.3*
46.4
30.9*
36.8
17.2*
Current smoking (yes, %)
47.1
47.7
1.3
2.2
46.4
52.0
1.5
0.7
Alcohol-drinking (yes, %)
48.8
49.0
1.6
0.5
48.5
51.2
1.6
0.7
Family history of diabetes (yes, %)
12.3
24.2*
16.4
22.8*
13.9
13.0
13.7
11.9
Occupational activity (%)
Light
15.1
14.0
14.7
15.9
15.4
12.2
13.2
12.0
Moderate
46.4
52.7
61.8
64.0
48.0
41.5
45.4
47.0
Heavy
38.5
33.3
23.5
20.1
36.6
46.3
41.4
51.0
Body mass index (kg/m2)
25.6
26.1
25.6
27.0
25.7
25.9
25.8
26.1
(25.4, 25.8)
(25.5, 26.7)*
(25.5, 25.8)
(26.5, 27.5)*
(25.5, 25.9)
(25.3, 26.5)
(25.6, 26.0)
(25.6, 26.7)
Waist circumference (cm)
87.1 (86.5, 87.7)
89.6 (88.0, 91.1)*
81.5 (81.0, 81.9)
86.4 (84.9, 87.8)*
87.4 (96.8, 87.9)
87.7 (85.8, 89.5)
81.8 (81.4, 82.3)
85.2 (83.5, 86.8)*
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
132
140
129
138
133
134
131
131
(131, 133)
(137, 143)*
(128,130)
(135, 141)*
(132,134)
(132,136)
(131, 132)
(128, 134)
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
87 (86, 88)
90 (88, 92)*
83 (82,84)
87 (86, 88)*
87 (86, 88)
89 (86, 91)
84 (83, 85)
84 (82, 86)
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)
5.33 (5.29, 5.38)
8.00 (7.55, 8.46)*
5.37 (5.34, 5.42)
7.66 (7.25, 8.08)*
5.59 (5.53, 5.65)
6.44 (6.11, 6.77)*
5.58 (5.53, 5.63)
6.13 (5.90, 6.36)*
2 hours post-load plasma glucose (mmol/L)
6.23 (6.14, 6.33)
13.2 (12.4, 14.1)*
6.63 (6.55, 6.71)
13.20 (12.44,13.96)*
6.77 (6.62, 6.91)
9.76 (8.69, 10.83)*
7.12 (6.99, 7.24)
9.78 (8.81, 10.75)*
Fasting insulin ( mol/L)∥
30.72
37.15
39.98
49.66
28.11
32,47
37.41
42.07
(29.67, 31.77)
(35.45, 38.85)*
(38.85, 41.11)
(48.36, 50.96)*
(25.68, 30.54)
(31,16, 33.78)*
(36.14, 38.68)
(40.18, 43.06)*
Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L)
2.96
3.20
2.98
3.37
2.97
3.12
3.04
2.94
(2.90, 3.01)
(3.03, 3.36)*
(2.93, 3.03)
(3.22, 3.52)*
(2.91, 3.03)
(2.94, 3.30)
(2.99, 3.08)
(2.78, 3.11)
High density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L)
1.62
1.61
1.67
1.59
1.61
1.72
1.66
1.71
(1.60, 1.65)
(1.54, 1.69)
(1.65,1.69)
(1.52, 1.66)*
(1.58,1.64)
(1.65, 1.80)*
(1.64,1.68)
(1.64,1.76)
Triglycerides (mmol/L)
1.37
1.49
1.15
1.48
1.45
1.42
1.22
1.24
(1.33, 1.42)
(1.34,1.64)*
(1.11, 1.18)
(1.32,1.60)*
(1.40,1.51)
(1.19, 1.65)
(1.17,1.26)
(1.03, 1.45)
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)
5.22
5.63
5.17
5.73
5.24
5.43
5.25
5.15
(5.16, 5.28)
(5.46, 5.81)*
(5.12, 5.22)
(5.57, 5.89)*
(5.18, 5.31)
(5.23, 5.63)*
(5.19, 5.29)
(4.97, 5.34)
C-reactive protein (mg/dl)§
0.87
1.26
0.72
1.26
0.91
0.94
0.76
0.90
(0.76, 0.98)
(1.08, 1.44)*
(0.66, 0.78)
(1.06,1.46)*
(0.78,1.04)
(0.60, 11.14)
(0.70, 0.82)
(0.88, 0.92)*
Alanine aminotransferase (U/L)
13.1
16.9
11.0
13.1
13.7
13.5
11.2
11.7
(12.4, 13.9)
(14.8, 18.9)*
(10.4, 11.6)
(11.2, 14.9)*
(12.9,14.4)
(11.2, 15.8)
(10.5, 11.7)
(9.6, 13.7)
Gamma-glutamyltransferase (U/L)§
28.6
41.4
15.5
23.6
29.9
30.1
16.2
17.4
(26.5, 30.7)
(37.2, 45.6)*
(15.2, 15.8)
(22.0, 25.2)*
(27.8, 32.0)
(27.3, 32.9)
(15.8, 16.6)
(16.0, 18.8)
Data are age-adjusted mean (95% confidence interval) or percentages as indicated. , diabetes versus nondiabetes by the same criteria within the same gender. §Geometric mean (95% CI). ∥With missing data .
