Fetoplacental Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction as an Early Phenomenon in the Programming of Human Adult Diseases in Subjects Born from Gestational Diabetes Mellitus or Obesity in Pregnancy

Figure 1

Comparison of published reports addressing a potential association of human adult diseases in subjects from pregnancies coursing with gestational diabetes mellitus or obesity in pregnancy. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM, column of light-blue circles) and obesity in pregnancy (OP, column of orange circles) are pathological conditions in human subjects. Different number of reports (𝑥-axis, Published reports), in this cartoon represented as relative size of corresponding light-blue and orange circles, suggest that GDM and OP are differentially associated with increased incidence of human adult diseases (𝑦-axis, Human adult diseases), such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), insulin resistance, hyperlipidaemia, or hypertension. Data taken from [13, 77, 78, 81, 84, 92, 190, 195–212].