Clinical Study

Impact of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists on Major Gastrointestinal Disorders for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Mixed Treatment Comparison Meta-Analysis

Table 2

Summary of estimates of different GLP-1 dose on GI AEs by direct comparisons and MTC meta-analysis.

Comparators
Nausea OR (95% CI)Vomiting
OR (95%CI)
Diarrhea OR (95% CI)
DirectMTCDirectMTCDirectMTC

EX10BID versus
 EX5BID 1.90(1.36, 2.65)2.28(1.26, 4.11)1.00 (0.61, 1.63)1.20 (0.61, 2.38)1.16 (0.71, 1.88)1.07 (0.60, 1.89)
 EX2QW2.16 (0.98, 4.79)2.78(1.25, 6.18)1.92(1.10, 3.36)1.88 (0.76, 4.67)0.70 (0.31, 1.57)0.82 (0.41, 1.64)
 LIR0.63.19(1.14, 8.98)1.51 (0.49, 4.61)1.02 (0.45, 2.32)
 LIR1.22.16(1.00, 4.67)1.37 (0.58, 3.24)0.77 (0.40, 1.49)
 LIR1.81.14 (0.75, 1.71)2.24(1.11,  4.51)1.74 (0.87, 3.47)1.35 (0.63, 2.88)0.98 (0.56, 1.70)0.83 (0.47, 1.47)
 CT19.36(10.41, 35.98)18.34(10.54, 31.92)5.52(3.70, 8.23)7.78(4.29,  14.12)2.23(1.54, 3.23)2.26(1.43, 3.58)
 Placebo6.10(4.09, 9.11)8.05 (5.15, 12.57)4.45(2.88, 6.88)7.35 (4.03,  13.40)1.99(1.35, 2.94)2.25 (1.45, 3.51)

EX2QW versus
 EX5BID 0.82 (0.31, 2.17)0.64 (0.21, 1.97)1.31 (0.54, 3.18)
 LIR0.61.15 (0.34, 3.93)0.80 (0.20, 3.16)1.25 (0.46, 3.39)
 LIR1.20.78 (0.28, 2.15)0.73 (0.23, 2.33)0.94 (0.40, 2.23)
 LIR1.80.80 (0.30, 2.12)0.72 (0.24, 2.14)1.02 (0.45, 2.29)
 CT5.07(1.43, 18.04)6.60 (2.90, 15.01)4.26(1.83, 9.90)4.14 (1.63,  10.49)2.23(1.33, 3.74)2.76 (1.38, 5.54)
 Placebo2.18 (0.33, 14.36)2.89(1.22, 6.89)0.94 (0.02, 50.31)3.91 (1.35,  11.32)2.76 (1.25, 6.09)

EX5BID versus
 LIR0.61.40 (0.44, 4.47)1.26 (0.35, 4.56)0.96 (0.36, 2.53)
 LIR1.20.95 (0.37, 2.42)1.14 (0.39, 3.33)0.72 (0.31, 1.68)
 LIR1.80.98 (0.41, 2.36)1.12 (0.42, 3.01)0.78 (0.36, 1.70)
 CT8.05 (3.69,  17.56)6.48 (2.69, 15.60)2.12 (1.04, 4.31)
 Placebo3.41(2.08, 5.57)3.53 (1.89,  6.59)3.76(2.25, 6.28)6.12 (2.81, 13.33)1.90(1.22, 2.96)2.11 (1.14, 3.91)

LIR0.6 versus
 LIR1.20.77 (0.53, 1.11)0.68 (0.26, 1.77)0.89 (0.56, 1.43)0.91 (0.34, 2.39)0.93 (0.61, 1.42)0.75 (0.35, 1.60)
 LIR1.80.61(0.43, 0.87)0.70 (0.27, 1.80)0.61(0.38, 0.97)0.89 (0.34, 2.34)0.70 (0.49, 1.01)0.81 (0.39, 1.69)
 CT4.28(2.23, 8.22)5.74 (2.16,  15.23)7.53(1.85, 30.72)5.15 (1.78, 14.87)1.83(1.13, 2.98)2.21 (1.05,  4.64)
 Placebo3.28(1.24, 8.69)2.52 (0.88, 7.20)21.20(1.27, 354.20)4.87 (1.45, 16.35)3.41(1.29, 9.00)2.20 (0.94, 5.17)

LIR1.2 versus
 LIR1.80.86(0.51,1.45)1.04 (0.56, 1.91)0.79 (0.48, 1.30)0.98 (0.52, 1.86)0.76 (0.59, 0.99)1.08 (0.63, 1.85)
 CT4.91(2.68, 8.99)8.49 (4.26,  16.92)4.43(2.01, 9.76)5.68 (2.61, 12.36)1.93(1.34, 2.78)2.93 (1.67,  5.14)
 Placebo5.37(2.42, 11.95)3.73 (1.67,  8.30)14.96(2.02, 110.78)5.36 (2.01, 14.33)4.80 (0.93, 24.77)2.92 (1.44,  5.96)

LIR1.8 versus
 CT6.11(4.44, 8.41)8.20 (4.39,  15.31)5.06(2.27, 11.29)5.76 (2.93,  11.36)2.59(1.92, 3.49)2.71 (1.67,  4.41)
 Placebo2.80 (0.65, 12.09)3.60 (1.74,  7.46)3.12 (0.48, 20.44)5.45 (2.27,  13.09)2.82(1.35, 5.89)2.71 (1.45,  5.05)

MTC: mixed comparison meta-analysis. GI: gastrointestinal. CT: conventional treatment. : no available comparison. OR: odds ratio. OR > 1 means first treatment has more GI AEs. Significant associations are in bold. EX5BID: exenatide 5 μg twice daily; EX10BID: exenatide 10 μg twice daily; EX2QW: exenatide 2 mg once weekly; LIR0.6: liraglutide 0.6 mg once daily; LIR1.2: liraglutide 1.2 mg once daily; LIR1.8: liraglutide 1.8 mg once daily.