Cholesterol Synthesis Is Associated with Hepatic Lipid Content and Dependent on Fructose/Glucose Intake in Healthy Humans

Table 5

Changes in the noncholesterol sterol to cholesterol ratios in response to high-fructose or high-glucose diet.

	Fructose intervention group			Glucose intervention group			Fructose versus glucose
	Baseline	Change	𝑃^∗	Baseline	Change	𝑃^∗	ΔLSM	95% CI	𝑃^†
Lathosterol/cholesterol, 𝜇g/mg	1.16 ± 0.11	−0.20 ± 0.06	0.006	1.40 ± 0.20	−0.08 ± 0.18	0.659	−0.28	−0.53 to −0.04	0.027
Desmosterol/cholesterol, 𝜇g/mg	0.45 ± 0.03	0.01 ± 0.02	0.675	0.52 ± 0.04	−0.02 ± 0.04	0.638	−0.01	−0.08 to 0.07	0.809
Lanosterol/cholesterol, 𝜇g/mg	0.30 ± 0.03	−0.03 ± 0.03	0.332	0.32 ± 0.02	0.03 ± 0.04	0.555	−0.08	−0.16 to 0.00	0.040
Campesterol/cholesterol, 𝜇g/mg	1.74 ± 0.13	−0.07 ± 0.07	0.337	1.42 ± 0.17	0.05 ± 0.15	0.746	−0.10	−0.47 to 0.27	0.569
Sitosterol/cholesterol, 𝜇g/mg	1.28 ± 0.09	−0.07 ± 0.05	0.165	1.16 ± 0.15	0.01 ± 0.09	0.889	−0.06	−0.26 to 0.14	0.562
Cholestanol/cholesterol, 𝜇g/mg	1.82 ± 0.06	−0.10 ± 0.10	0.348	1.61 ± 0.09	−0.07 ± 0.06	0.307	−0.04	−0.32 to 0.25	0.796

Values are means ± standard errors of the means; change: absolute difference between visits 1 and 2; fructose versus glucose: treatment effect of fructose intervention compared to glucose intervention; ΔLSM: difference in least squares means between fructose and glucose intervention (calculated with Analysis of Covariance with correction for baseline values); CI: confidence interval; ^∗𝑃 value for change between visits 1 and 2 calculated with paired samples t-test (two-sided); ^†P value for difference in change between fructose and glucose intervention (calculated with Analysis of Covariance with correction for baseline values, two-sided).