Correlation between Blood Activin Levels and Clinical Parameters of Type 2 Diabetes

Table 2

Associations between circulating levels of activin A and demographic and biochemical indices within subject groups.

	Total subjects	Normal	IFG/IGT	T2D
Age	0.376***	0.329*	0.550*	0.320
BMI	0.346***	0.227	0.362	0.434**
Smoking	0.205*	0.183	−0.250	0.352*
Fasting glucose	0.388^***,†	0.337*	−0.044	0.488^**,†
HbA1c	0.386**	0.086	0.084	0.588**
Fasting insulin	0.399^***,†	0.123	0.589*	0.488^**,†
HOMA-IR	0.485^***,†	0.177	0.547*	0.612^***,†
AUCg	−0.070	−0.009	0.059	−0.195
Crcl	0.045	−0.076	−0.030	0.168
HsCRP	0.110	−0.004	0.380	0.138
Activin B	0.430***	0.099	0.428	0.661***
Follistatin	0.196	−0.028	0.280	0.291

BMI: body mass index; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; AUCg: area under the curve for OGTT glucose levels; Crcl: creatinine clearance; HsCRP: human sensitive C-reactive protein. Data presented as univariate Pearson correlation coefficients (𝑅) value: *𝑃<0.05, **𝑃<0.01, ***𝑃<0.001. Correlations with no superscript are not significant (𝑃>0.05). ^†After adjustment for confounding factors (including age, BMI, history of smoking, history of hypertension and medication use, blood pressure parameters) by multivariate analysis, activin A retained a positive association with fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR but lost its correlation with HbA1c.