TXNIP Links Innate Host Defense Mechanisms to Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Retinal Muller Glia under Chronic Hyperglycemia: Implications for Diabetic Retinopathy
Figure 2
HG induces TXNIP expression and evokes the host innate immune response in rat Muller glia. Quantitative RT-PCR for (a) TXNIP and (b) IL-1 mRNA expression in rMC1 is shown. HG increases TXNIP mRNA at 2–24 h ( versus time 0, ) while pro-IL-1 mRNA is increased at 2 and 4 h ( versus time 0, ) and then reduces at 24 h. (c) IHC detects a time-dependent accumulation of the p65 subunit of NF-B in the nucleus in rMC1 under HG. (d) Active caspase-1 staining is increased in rMC1 using the caspase-1 FLICA probe. A representative of is shown here.
