New Experimental Models of Diabetic Nephropathy in Mice Models of Type 2 Diabetes: Efforts to Replicate Human Nephropathy

Table 1

Some new models studied for diabetic nephropathy.

Animal model	Strain	Kidney pathology	References
Db/db eNOS^−/−	BKS	Significant albuminuria, decreased GFR, markedly increased mesangial matrix expansion, glomerular basement membrane thickening, arteriolar hyalinosis, mesangiolysis, nodular glomerulosclerosis, and tubulointerstitial injury	Zhao et al. [25] and Mohan et al. [41]
NONcNZO10/LtJ	NON/LtJ + NZO/HlLt	Albuminuria, glomerulosclerosis, intraglomerular capillary thrombi and lipid deposition, nephritis, and Ig deposition	Reifsnyder and Leiter [29, 30]
BTBR^ob/ob	BTBR	Albuminuria, loss of podocytes, extensive mesangial expansion, mesangiolysis, basement membrane thickening, and interstitial fibrosis	Hudkins et al. [46]
GIPR^dn transgenic	CD1	Renal, podocyte and glomerular hypertrophy, mesangial expansion, and matrix accumulation, glomerulosclerosis, proteinuria, and tubulointerstitial lesions	Herbach et al. [49]
GLUT1 transgenic	C57BL6/J	Albuminuria, glomerular hypertrophy, mesangial expansion, and glomerulosclerosis	Wang et al. [50]
podIR knockout (podocin or nephrin promoter)	Mixed genetic background (C57BL/6, 129/SV, and FVB)	Albuminuria, loss of foot process structure, podocyte apoptosis, increased glomerular matrix, thickened GBM, glomerulosclerosis, and kidney sclerosis	Welsh et al. [52]