Cardiovascular Benefits of GLP-1-BasedTherapies in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2: Effects on Endothelial and Vascular Dysfunction beyond Glycemic Control

Figure 2

Schematic illustration of intracellular insulin signalling (aPKC: atypical Protein-Kinase C, eNOS: endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase, ET1: Endothelin 1, FOX01: Forkhead Box01, IRS: Insulin Receptor Substrate, MAPK: Mitogen Activated Proteinkinase, MEK: Mitogen Activated Proteinkinase Kinase, NO: Nitric Oxide, PDK: Phosphoinositide-Dependent Kinase, PI3K: Phosphatidylinostol 3 Kinase, RAS, RAF: Proto-Oncogenes, SHC: Adapter Protein; adapted to [6]).