Insulin Resistance and Cancer Risk: An Overview of the Pathogenetic Mechanisms

Figure 1

A multidimensional model of cancer development, which suggests insulin resistance and inflammation as driving forces behind cancer. TG: triglycerides; FFA: free fatty acids; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor α; IL-6: interleukin-6; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SHBG: sex-hormone-binding globulin; IGF-I: insulin-like growth factor I; PAI-1: plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; IGFBPs IGF-I binding proteins; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.