Cardiac Autonomic Imbalance in Newly Diagnosed and Established Diabetes Is Associated with Markers of Adipose Tissue Inflammation

Table 2

Measures of autonomic function.

Measure	Controls	Newly diagnosed T2D	Established T2D	𝑃 value
	(𝑛=15)	(𝑛=15)	(𝑛=15)
R-R ratio (deep breathing)	1.26±0.04	1.20±0.03	1.17±0.05	0.0325^#
R-R ratio (Valsalva)	1.58±0.21	1.37±0.06	1.24±0.05	0.0270*
R-R ratio (standing)	1.29±0.04	1.26±0.05	1.18±0.02	NS
LFa	1.60±0.43	1.90±0.39	1.37±0.37	NS
RFa	1.21±0.27	1.89±0.79	0.73±0.29	NS
LFa/RFa ratio	1.53±0.24	2.51±0.51	2.88±0.56	NS
TSP baseline	950.88±191.95	772.94±290.95	416.95±142.61	0.0023*
sdNN baseline	47.66±4.87	41.04±3.92	28.92±4.65	0.0008*
rmSSD baseline	30.18±3.76	28.77±6.97	18.97±3.38	0.0356^#

Data are presented as means ± SE. NS: not significant. *Established T2D versus controls/newly diagnosed T2D. ^#Newly diagnosed/established T2D versus controls. TSP: total spectral power; SDNN: standard deviation of all normal R-R intervals; rmSSD: root mean square of the difference of successive R-R intervals.