Animal Models of Diabetic Retinopathy: Summary and Comparison

Table 1

Existing methods for induction of diabetes in rodents using STZ.

	Compensation of insulin	Dosage	Animal strain, age or weight	Onset of hyperglycemia
Mouse
Single dose	No	150 mg/kg, i.p.	C57Bl/6, 8–10 wk old	6 wk* [53]
	No	150–180 mg/kg, i.p.	C57Bl/6, 10–12 wk old	2 wk [54]
	No	180 mg/kg, i.p.	C57Bl/6, 10 wk old	1 day [41, 55]
	No	200 mg/kg, i.p.	C57Bl/6J, 10 wk old [56]; F1 hybrid (BALBc/129Sv × C57Bl/6J), 16 wk old [43]	3 days [56]
	Yes	180 mg/kg, i.p.	C57Bl/6, 9–12 wk old	1 wk [45, 48, 57, 58]
	Yes	200 mg/kg, i.p.	C57Bl/6, 12 wk old	1 wk [47]
Multiple dose	No	40 mg/kg, i.p., for 5 consecutive days	C57Bl/6, 10 wk old	1 wk [59]
	No	45 mg/kg, i.p., for 5 consecutive days	C57Bl/6, 7-8 wk old	3 days [60]
	No	50 mg/kg, i.p., for 5 consecutive days	C57Bl/6J, 4-5 wk old [61]; C57Bl/6J, 8-9 wk old [46, 62]; C57Bl/6 [63]	1 wk [46]
	No	55 mg/kg, i.p., for 5 consecutive days	C57Bl/6, 8–10 wk old [42, 64–66]	1 wk [42, 64, 66]; 2 wk [65]
	No	60 mg/kg, i.p., for 3 consecutive days	C57Bl/6, 5–8 wk old [34, 49, 50]	1 wk [34, 49, 50]
	No	60 mg/kg, i.p., for 5 consecutive days	C57Bl/6, 6 wk old [40]; C57Bl/6J, 22 g [44]; C57Bl/6, 22 wk old [67]	1 wk [40, 44]; 2 wk [67]
	No	75 mg/kg, i.p., for 3 consecutive days	C57Bl/6, 3–5 months old	5 wk* [68]
	No	80 mg/kg, i.p., for 3 consecutive days	C57Bl/6, 6–8 wk	1 wk [69]
	No	80 mg/kg, i.p., for 5 consecutive days	F1 hybrid mice (FVB/N × C57Bl/6J), 10 wk old	1 wk [33]
	No	100 mg/kg, i.p., for 2 consecutive days	C57Bl/6J, 6–8 wk old	1 wk [70]
	Yes	50 mg/kg, i.p., for 3 alternate days	C57Bl/6, 23–36 g	4 wk* [71]
	Yes	50 mg/kg, i.p., for 5 consecutive days	C57Bl/6 [72]	Did not mentioned
	Yes	60 mg/kg, i.p., for 5 consecutive days	C57Bl/6 [73]; C57Bl/6J [38]	1-2 wk [38, 73]
Rat
Single dose	No	30 mg/kg, i.v.	Wistar rats, 6 wk old	3 wks [74]
	No	45 mg/kg, i.p.	Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, 200–250 g [75, 76]; Wistar rats, 220–250 g [77]	1 day [77]; 3 days [76]; 1 wk [75]
	No	45 mg/kg, i.v.	Wistar rats, 130–150 g	1 day [78]
	No	50 mg/kg, i.p.	Brown Norway (BN) rats, 8 wk old	2 days [79]
	No	55 mg/kg, i.p.	Wistar rats, 8–12 wk old [80, 81]	3 days [80, 81]
	No	60 mg/kg	Lewis rats [82]	Did not mentioned
	No	60 mg/kg, i.p.	BN rats, 200–250 g [83]; SD rats, 6–8 wk old [84–91]; SD rats, 230–350 g [92, 93]; SD rats [94]; Wistar rats, 140–200 g [95–97]; Wistar rats, 200–300 g [98–100]; Long-Evens (LE) rats, 250–300 g [101]	1 day [83, 89]; 2 days [86–88, 91, 100]; 3 days [84, 85, 92, 93, 97, 98]; 1 wk [90, 96]
	No	65 mg/kg, i.p.	SD rats, 150–200 g [102–106]; SD rats, 240–275 g [107, 108]; Wistar rats, 8-9 wk old [109–111]	1 day [106]; 2 days [107, 109–111]; 3 days [102, 103]; 1 wk [104, 105]
	No	65 mg/kg, i.v.	BN rats, 150–200 g [112]; LE rats, 150–200 g [112]; Wistar rats, 160–170 g [113, 114]	3 days [112]; 2 wk* [113, 114]
	No	70 mg/kg, i.p.	SD rats, 8 wk old	12 wk* [115]
	No	75 mg/kg, i.p.	LE rats, 200–250 g	2 days [116]
	No	80 mg/kg, i.p.	LE rats, 6–8 wk old	1 wk [69]
	Yes	45 mg/kg, i.v.	Wistar rats, 12 wk old	3 days [117]
	Yes	50 mg/kg, i.p.	SD rats, 6 wk old	2 wk [118]
	Yes	55 mg/kg, i.p.	SD rats, 200 g	2-3 days [119]
	Yes	55 mg/kg	Lewis rats, 200 g [120, 121]; SD rats, 200 g [120]; Wistar rats, 200 g [120]	2 wk* [120, 121]
	Yes	60 mg/kg, i.p.	Wistar rats, 129–170 g [58] Wistar rats, 240–280 g** [122]	1 day [122]; 1 wk [58]
	Yes	65 mg/kg, i.p.	SD rats, 260 g	4 wk* [123]
	Yes	65 mg/kg, i.v.	SD rats, 200 g	4 wk* [124]
	Yes	70 mg/kg, i.p.	LE rats, 8 wk old	3 days [125, 126]
	Yes**	80 mg/kg, i.p.	SD rats, 200 g	1 wk [127]

∗Indicates the earliest time point being mentioned by the authors.
**Comparison between the insulin-treated versus untreated animals.