Levels of Inflammatory Cytokines in Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Different Urinary Albumin Excretion Rates and Their Correlation with Clinical Variables

Table 1

Comparison of the general status and study data between diabetes groups and control group.

	C	D1	D2	D3
Number	86	112	93	56
Age (years)	55.2 ± 12.4	54.9 ± 13.1	53.7 ± 12.5	62.6 ± 11.4
BMI (Kg/m^2)	26.5 ± 3.1	26.3 ± 3.7	26.2 ± 2.9	26.8 ± 3.7
Course (year)		8.9 ± 1.3	9.9 ± 1.7	11.8 ± 2.4
SBP (mmHg)	111.3 ± 10.3	124.0 ± 14.3^b	130.9 ± 16.9^b	135.5 ± 17.3^b
DBP (mmHg)	71.4 ± 8.3	77.8 ± 6.5^b	82.7 ± 7.8^b	86.1 ± 14.5^b
SCr (𝜇mol/L)	63.62 ± 8.79	64.96 ± 15.27	69.02 ± 20.32	78.49 ± 24.12
BUN (mmol/L)	4.09 ± 1.01	6.12 ± 1.31	6.41 ± 1.37	6.76 ± 1.70
HbA1c (%)		7.80 ± 3.28	8.89 ± 2.59	9.97 ± 2.91^c
TG (mmol/L)	1.69 ± 1.01	1.71 ± 0.97	1.99 ± 1.03	2.13 ± 1.16
TC (mmol/L)	4.33 ± 0.77	5.07 ± 0.83^b	5.36 ± 1.35^b	6.40 ± 1.76^b
LDL-C (mmol/L)	1.92 ± 0.33	3.02 ± 0.67^b	2.80 ± 1.23^a	3.97 ± 1.31^bcf
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.15 ± 0.12	1.17 ± 0.22	1.13 ± 0.31	1.17 ± 0.30
Hs-CRP (mmol/L)	1.03 ± 0.94	2.41 ± 1.07^a	3.95 ± 1.18^bd	4.51 ± 1.89^bdf
TNF-α (mg/mL)	1.01 ± 0.45	1.99 ± 0.56^a	2.73 ± 0.72^bd	4.10 ± 0.95^bdf
UMCP-1/Ucr (ng/mg)	4.51 ± 2.29	24.70 ± 5.37^a	70.59 ± 18.93^bd	122.85 ± 63.76^bdf
SAA (ug/L)	163.90 ± 37.13	318.31 ± 34.35^a	490.13 ± 37.24^bd	665.04 ± 64.13^bdf
Ln (UAE/Ucr)*	2.19 ± 0.60	2.37 ± 0.86^a	4.08 ± 0.58^bd	7.34 ± 0.90^bdf

BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; SCr: serum creatinine; HbA1c: glycohemoglobin A1c; TG: triglyceride; LDL-C: low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: high density lipoprotein cholesterol; hs-CRP: high sensitivity C-reactive protein; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor alpha; uMCP-1: urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; SAA: serum amyloid-A; UAE/Ucr: urine albumin excretion/urinary creatinine.
^a𝑃<0.05, ^b𝑃<0.01 diabetic patients versus control; ^c𝑃<0.05, ^d𝑃<0.01 D2 and D3 versus D1; ^e𝑃<0.05, ^f𝑃<0.01 D3 versus D2.
*Since the figures of UAE/Ucr were not normally distributed, they were transitioned with ln here (similarly hereinafter).