Serum Concentrations of Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 in Predicting the Occurrence of Diabetic Retinopathy in Juvenile Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Table 1

Basic clinical parameters in the juvenile patients with T1DM and the control subjects.

Parameters	Patients with T1DM		Healthy control subjects	Statistical significance
	With non-proliferative retinopathy NPDR (+)	Without retinopathy; DR (−)
Number, 𝑛	31	57	19
Age, years	15.3±5.4	14.6±3.9	14.2±3.5	NS; NS
Diabetes duration, years	9.5±4.9	6.3±3.5	—	<0.001
Albumin extraction rate, mg/24 h	48.03±20.85	10.35±7.5	2.7±1.0	<0.01^†; <0.001^††
HbA1c, %	8.9±1.5	7.8±1.3	4.2±0.3	<0.01^†; <0.0001^††
CRP, mg/dL	2.4±1.2	1.7±0.8	0.5±0.2	<0.01^†; <0.001^††
Creatinine, (μmol/mL)	0.67±0.19	0.66±0.12	0.61±0.11	NS; NS
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg	128.0±12.0	114.0±10.0	100±9.0	<0.001^†; <0.001^††
Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg	72.0±10.0	70.0±8.0	69.0±7.0	NS; NS

Data are presented as ± SD statistically significant (𝑃<0.05).
†Differences between juvenile patients with and without retinopathy.
††Differences between juvenile patients without retinopathy and healthy control subjects.