Skin Autofluorescence Relates to Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-Products and Albuminuria in Diabetes Mellitus

Table 3

Skin autofluorescence and novel biochemical parameters in subgroups without (A−) and with (A+) (micro)albuminuria according to ACR.

	A+	A−	Controls	ANOVA
	(𝑛=19)	(𝑛=69)	(𝑛=20)	𝑃 value
AF (AU)	2.84±0.80^cx	2.41±0.56^b	1.96±0.33	<0.0001
Albumin/creatinine (g/mol)	13.2^cz (3.9–44.0)	0.7 (0.3–1.6)	0.5 (0.2–1.1)	<0.0001
HbA1c (mmol/mol, IFCC)	90±18^cz	68±14^c	39±5	<0.0001
sRAGE (ng/L)	1457±754^x	1066±532	1163±537	<0.05
vWF (%)	137±47^b	114±45	93±25	0.007
sICAM (𝜇g/L)	324±102^cy	251±70	223±82	0.0003
sVCAM (𝜇g/L)	965±408^c	832±400^c	392±91	<0.0001
P-selectin (𝜇g/L)	102±33^b	109±37^b	145±52	0.0008
E-selectin (𝜇g/L)	39±18	31±15^a	41±15	0.016

Results are means ± SD, or means with 1 SD range. One-way ANOVA was performed, with 𝑃 values in the last column of the table. Statistical significance expressed by LSD post hoc test between DM and control persons: ^a𝑃<0.05, ^b𝑃<0.01, and ^c𝑃<0.001 and between A+ and A−: ^x𝑃<0.05, ^y𝑃<0.01, ^z𝑃<0.001.
Abbreviations: AF: autofluorescence; AU: arbitrary unit; HbA_1c: glycated hemoglobin; sRAGE: soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products; vWF: von Willebrand factor; sICAM: intercellular adhesion molecule; sVCAM: vascular cell adhesion molecule.