Cardiovascular Changes in Animal Models of Metabolic Syndrome

Table 3

Main cardiovascular findings in diet-induced animal models of metabolic syndrome.

Models	Cardiovascular changes
Fructose overload	(i) High blood pressure levels
	(ii) High heart rate
	(iii) Increased blood pressure variability
	(iv) Increased sympathetic modulation to the; vessels and heart
	(v) Vascular oxidative stress
	(vi) Changes in left ventricular morphometry
	(vii) Diastolic dysfunction
	(viii) Increased cardiac effort
Sucrose overload	(i) High blood pressure levels
	(ii) High heart rate
	(iii) Diastolic function
	(iv) Systolic dysfunction
	(v) Alterations in myocardial structure due to; reduction of calcium uptake in; sarcoplasmic reticulum of cardiomyocytes
High fat diet	(i) High blood pressure levels
	(ii) Baroreceptor dysfunction that controls; the renal sympathetic nerve activity
Cafeteria diet	(i) High blood pressure levels
	(ii) High heart rate
	(iii) Impairment of the endothelium-derived; hyperpolarization mechanism
	(iv) Autonomic dysfunction