Evaluation of Serum Fibrinogen, Plasminogen, α2-Anti-Plasmin, and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Levels (PAI) and Their Correlation with Presence of Retinopathy in Patients with Type 1 DM

Table 1

Demographic data of the participants.

Variables	Group I (𝑛: 21)	Group II (𝑛: 18)	Group III (𝑛: 13)	Group IV (𝑛: 40)	𝑃 value
Age (years)	27.3±7.4^a,b	31.3±9.9	40.2±12.1^a	35.6±7.7^b	<0.001
Sex					0.391
Female	10 (47.6%)	13 (72.2%)	7 (53.8%)	20 (50.0%)
Male	11 (52.4%)	5 (27.8%)	6 (46.2%)	20 (50.0%)
Duration of DM (years)	7 (5–20)^a	8 (5–32)^c	21 (5--40)^a,c	—	0.002

aDifference between Group I and Group III is significant (𝑃<0.001). bDifference between Group I and Group IV is significant (𝑃=0.006). cDifference between Group II and Group III is statistically significant (𝑃<0.001).