Generating and Reversing Chronic Wounds in Diabetic Mice by Manipulating Wound Redox Parameters

Figure 8

Morphological characterization of biofilm in chronic and AOA treated wounds. (a, b) Fluorescent microscopy of frozen sections of chronic wounds IAE treated at 20 days after wounding, stained by Sytox green for bacterial DNA and wheat germ agglutinin conjugated with Texas Red for the tissue and biofilm matrix, shows presence of biofilm. (c) SEM shows bacteria embedded in a biofilm-associated matrix (stars) with presence of bacteria [B] in chronic wounds at day 20 after wounding and treatment with IAE. (d) Day 10 db/db wounds without inhibitors to illustrate how the tissue looks like in non-IAE treated wounds. (e) Chronic wounds treated with IAE at day 30 after wounding show more biofilm than at day 20 (c) and much more than the day 30 wounds that were treated with AOA for 10 days (f). (g) Chronic wounds treated with IAE at day 40 after wounding show more biofilm than at day 30 (e) and much more than the day 40 wounds that were treated with AOA for 20 days (h). Scale bar for (c–h) is 5 µm. (i) Biochemical analysis of the biofilm obtained from chronic wounds.

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