[Retracted] Hyperglycemia Induces Toll-Like Receptor-2 and -4 Expression and Activity in Human Microvascular Retinal Endothelial Cells: Implications for Diabetic Retinopathy

Figure 1

High glucose (HG) induces toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) and TLR-2: confluent HMVRECs were serum-starved for 2 hours and incubated for 24 hours with 5.5, 15, and 25 mM glucose or mannitol (M) 19.5 mM/5.5 mM glucose for 24 hours. Thereafter the cells were harvested for mRNA in trizol or protease inhibitor buffer for cell lysates. (a) High glucose induces TLR-4 mRNA expression in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVRECs). Bar graphs representing hyperglycemia-induced TLR-4 mRNA expression normalized to GAPDH. versus control and versus 15 mM; (b) HG induces TLR-4 protein levels in HMVRECs. Bar graph representing TLR-4 protein levels normalized to -actin. versus control, versus control, and versus 15 mM; (c) high glucose induces TLR-2 mRNA expression in HMVRECs. Bar graphs representing hyperglycemia-induced TLR-2 mRNA expression normalized to GAPDH. versus control and versus 15 mM; (d) HG induces TLR-2 protein levels in HMVRECs. Bar graph representing TLR-2 protein levels normalized to -actin. versus control, versus control, and versus 15 mM.

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