[Retracted] Hyperglycemia Induces Toll-Like Receptor-2 and -4 Expression and Activity in Human Microvascular Retinal Endothelial Cells: Implications for Diabetic Retinopathy

Figure 6

(a) TLR-2/4 inhibition by TIP attenuates downstream inflammatory biomediators: HMVRECs were serum starved for 2 hours and treated with 25 and 50 M TIP for 2 hours. Thereafter 5.5 and 25 mM glucose treatments were performed as described in Figure 3. (I) NF-B, (II) TNF-, (III) IL-8, and (IV) MCP-1 levels are significantly decreased upon TLR-2/4 inhibition compared to HG treatment. versus control, versus 25 mM, and versus 25 M TIP. (b) Cell adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 attenuation upon TIP treatment. HMVRECs were serum starved for 2 hours and treated with 25 and 50 M TIP for 2 hours. Thereafter 5.5 and 25 mM glucose treatments were performed as described in Figure 4. Adhesion molecules (I) ICAM-1 and (II) VCAM-1 levels are significantly decreased upon TIP treatment. versus control and versus 25 mM. (III) Adhesion assay showing decreased cell adhesion with TLR-2/4 inhibition. versus control and versus 25 mM.

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