Topically Applied Connective Tissue Growth Factor/CCN2 Improves Diabetic Preclinical Cutaneous Wound Healing: Potential Role for CTGF in Human Diabetic Foot Ulcer Healing

Figure 2

Wound α-smooth muscle actin staining in fibroblasts and endothelial cells. (a) shows α-SMA staining intensity scoring in fibroblasts, in treated control animals compared with the two diabetic animal groups, at day 7; by ANOVA for each of the groups marked versus Control + CTGF. No such differences were observed at day 14 in (b). In (c) increased α-SMA staining in endothelial cells was observed at day 7 in control animals (treated and untreated combined) compared with diabetic animals (treated and untreated combined); by unpaired -test. No such differences were observed at day 14 (d). Results are expressed as mean ± SEM. Representative images at day 7 are shown in (e).

(a) Day 7 fibroblasts

(b) Day 14 fibroblasts

(c) Day 7 endothelial cells

(d) Day 14 endothelial cells

(e) Day 7