Rat Models of Diet-Induced Obesity and High Fat/Low Dose Streptozotocin Type 2 Diabetes: Effect of Reversal of High Fat Diet Compared to Treatment with Enalapril or Menhaden Oil on Glucose Utilization and Neuropathic Endpoints

Table 2

Effect of reversal of high fat diet, enalapril, or menhaden oil in diet-induced obese or type 2 diabetic rats on nonfasting serum free fatty acids, triglycerides, cholesterol, leptin, and insulin levels.

Condition	Free fatty acids; (mmol/L)	Triglycerides; (mg/dL)	Cholesterol; (mg/mL)	Leptin; (ng/mL)	Insulin; (ng/mL)
Control (12)	0.20 ± 0.03	85 ± 8	3.0 ± 0.5	11.1 ± 1.1	4.3 ± 0.8
Obese (11)	0.20 ± 0.05	94 ± 8	4.1 ± 0.3	38.9 ± 5.8^a	4.5 ± 0.8
Obese + normal diet (10)	0.16 ± 0.03	94 ± 13	3.6 ± 0.5	10.4 ± 0.8^d	3.8 ± 0.7
Obese + enalapril (12)	0.20 ± 0.02	83 ± 12	3.4 ± 0.3	24.8 ± 4.1	29.0 ± 2.6^a,c,d
Obese + menhaden oil (12)	0.24 ± 0.02	62 ± 9	3.7 ± 0.6	65.6 ± 17.4^a	19.5 ± 3.2^a,c,d
Diabetic (10)	0.63 ± 0.11^a,d	319 ± 59^a,d	8.0 ± 2.3^a	16.7 ± 8.5	0.9 ± 0.4
Diabetic + normal diet (10)	0.31 ± 0.06	232 ± 46	6.0 ± 1.0	5.2 ± 1.9	5.2 ± 1.4
Diabetic + enalapril (11)	0.48 ± 0.15	179 ± 36	3.2 ± 0.5	4.3 ± 1.2	6.7 ± 1.5^b
Diabetic + menhaden oil (11)	0.29 ± 0.03	104 ± 22^c	4.4 ± 0.7	16.3 ± 4.0^b	5.5 ± 1.3^b

Data are presented as the mean ± S.E.M. compared to control; compared to obese matched condition; compared to diabetic; compared to obese. Parentheses indicate the number of experimental animals.