Towards Patient-Oriented Diabetes Care: Results from Two KORA Surveys in Southern Germany

Table 3

Association between care processes and patient outcomes.

	Medical examinations and advice^a	Diabetes education^a	Treatment satisfaction^a	Quality of relationship with physician^a	Multiprofessional care^a
	Odds ratio (95% CI) value
Self-monitoring
Blood pressure	1.18 (1.03; 1.35) 0.0192	0.99 (0.86; 1.13) 0.8385	0.96 (0.83; 1.11) 0.6119	0.88 (0.69; 1.11) 0.2641	1.22 (0.79; 1.87) 0.3730
Weight	1.14 (0.98; 1.32) 0.0990	0.97 (0.84; 1.11) 0.6519	0.94 (0.80; 1.11) 0.4764	1.26 (1.00; 1.58) 0.0477	1.12 (0.76; 1.90) 0.4422
Feet	1.24 (1.09; 1.42) 0.0016	1.30 (1.06; 1.60) 0.0104	0.88 (0.76; 1.03) 0.1017	1.21 (0.97; 1.50) 0.0876	0.99 (0.65; 1.50) 0.9629
Blood glucose	1.23 (1.07; 1.42) 0.0045	1.50 (1.18; 1.90) 0.0009	0.98 (0.84; 1.14) 0.7632	1.12 (0.89; 1.41) 0.3215	1.63 (1.02; 2.62) 0.0420
Adherence to
Medication	0.95 (0.75; 1.20) 0.6541	1.13 (0.86; 1.49) 0.3875	0.98 (0.74; 1.29) 0.8769	1.92 (1.39; 2.64) <0.0001	0.80 (0.41; 1.56) 0.5064
Physical activity	0.97 (0.83; 1.14) 0.7392	1.02 (0.85; 1.22) 0.8448	1.15 (0.97; 1.36) 0.1081	1.08 (0.84; 1.40) 0.5423	1.24 (0.79; 1.94) 0.3584
Diet	0.82 (0.70; 0.95) 0.0067	1.03 (0.92; 1.16) 0.5960	1.13 (0.97; 1.31) 0.1092	1.33 (1.04; 1.71) 0.0253	1.01 (0.68; 1.51) 0.9589
Feet care	1.02 (0.85; 1.23) 0.8333	1.11 (0.91; 1.35) 0.2993	1.16 (0.96; 1.40) 0.1254	1.33 (1.02; 1.73) 0.0340	0.76 (0.46; 1.25) 0.2810
Health behaviour
Physical activity	1.16 (0.97; 1.40) 0.1095	1.04 (0.89; 1.22) 0.6130	1.08 (0.90; 1.31) 0.4117	1.04 (0.76; 1.43) 0.7946	1.29 (0.79; 2.11) 0.3086
Nonsmoking	1.09 (0.90; 1.31) 0.3754	1.03 (0.82; 1.29) 0.8184	1.00 (0.82; 1.23) 0.9860	1.21 (0.91; 1.61) 0.1831	0.65 (0.38; 1.13) 0.1292
Moderate/no alcohol	0.97 (0.84; 1.11) 0.6254	1.15 (0.98; 1.36) 0.0931	0.96 (0.82; 1.12) 0.5818	0.98 (0.77; 1.25) 0.8859	0.84 (0.56; 1.27) 0.4070
Complications (none)
Retinopathy	0.99 (0.77; 1.27) 0.9232	0.75 (0.63; 0.90) 0.0015	0.71 (0.51; 0.98) 0.0387	1.12 (0.73; 1.71) 0.6073	0.96 (0.49; 1.88) 0.9054
Poor blood circul. in legs	0.89 (0.75; 1.05) 0.1612	1.06 (0.92; 1.22) 0.4186	1.00 (0.85; 1.17) 0.9487	1.28 (0.99; 1.66) 0.0622	0.54 (0.35; 0.83) 0.0053
Peripheral neuropathy	0.98 (0.85; 1.12) 0.7322	1.00 (0.88; 1.14) 0.9927	1.05 (0.91; 1.21) 0.4844	1.13 (0.90; 1.41) 0.2872	0.68 (0.47; 0.99) 0.0463
Microalbuminuria	0.79 (0.63; 0.99) 0.0386	0.84 (0.68; 1.04) 0.1079	0.85 (0.66; 1.09) 0.2020	1.37 (0.96; 1.93) 0.0804	1.23 (0.67; 2.27) 0.5125
Adverse conditions (none)
Hyperglycemia	1.13 (0.99; 1.29) 0.0753	1.00 (0.88; 1.14) 0.9629	1.09 (0.95; 1.26) 0.2152	1.03 (0.82; 1.28) 0.8277	0.61 (0.40; 0.91) 0.0163
Hypoglycemia	1.06 (0.93; 1.20) 0.3967	0.96 (0.85; 1.09) 0.5279	0.99 (0.86; 1.13) 0.8455	1.18 (0.95; 1.46) 0.1295	0.78 (0.53; 1.15) 0.2055
	Adj. mean differences (95% CI)
Health-related quality of life
(SF-12)
Physical score (PCS-12)	0.001 (−0.63; 0.63) 0.9986	−0.60 (−1.29; 0.10) 0.0917	0.51 (−0.15; 1.16) 0.1287	1.00 (−0.01; 2.01) 0.0522	−0.86 (−2.66; 0.94) 0.3502
Mental score (MCS-12)	0.02 (−0.66; 0.70) 0.9513	−1.01 (−1.76; −0.26) 0.0080	0.17 (−0.54; 0.87) 0.6469	2.04 (0.95; 3.13) 0.0002	−0.89 (−2.83; 1.05) 0.3706

, excluding with >3 missings in variables measuring care processes (see Table 2).