Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated with the Presence and Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Table 3

Frequency of vitamin D deficiency, defined as 25(OH)D <15 ng/mL, according to tertiles of serum creatinine concentrations in the 2 study groups.

Study group	Serum creatinine concentration (mg/dL)
	Tertile 1 (<0.72)	Tertile 2 (0.72–0.88)	Tertile 3 (>0.88)
No retinopathy	17/47 (36.2%)	12/51 (23.5%)	10/46 (21.7%)
Retinopathy	15/47 (31.9%)	16/46 (34.8%)	21/45 (46.7%)

Values are (%).