A Family History of Diabetes Modifies the Association between Elevated Urine Albumin Concentration and Hyperglycemia in Nondiabetic Mexican Adolescents
Table 4
Associations between elevated urine albumin concentration and metabolic syndrome or metabolic markers, stratified according to obesity.
Models
ORcrude
95% CI
ORadjusted
95% CI
Without obesity
Abdominal obesity
1.12
0.42–3.00
1.19
0.43–3.26
High glucose
1.75
0.73–4.19
1.87
0.76–4.57
High insulin
0.75
0.28–1.97
0.60
0.21–1.78
High HOMA-IR
0.76
0.26–2.23
0.59
0.11–2.02
High blood pressure
0.79
0.23–2.69
1.05
0.29–3.79
High triglycerides
0.71
0.27–1.88
0.75
0.28–1.98
High total cholesterol
0.49
0.11–2.14
0.50
0.11–2.22
Low HDL-C
1.52
0.87–2.66
1.42
0.79–2.56
High LDL-C
0.77
0.26–2.24
0.56
0.16–1.93
MetS
1.85
0.50–6.84
2.08
0.55–7.85
Number of MetS componentsa
1.22
0.85–1.75
1.23
0.84–1.79
With obesity
Abdominal obesity
0.19
0.01–2.59
0.17
0.01–3.34
High glucose
1.27
0.11–15.23
1.54
0.08–30.06
High insulin
0.22
0.02–2.62
0.06
0.001–3.42
High HOMA-IR
0.97
0.08–11.54
0.78
0.05–12.70
High blood pressure
1.59
0.13–19.27
1.28
0.07–21.97
High triglycerides
0.60
0.05–7.03
0.38
0.02–7.47
High total cholesterol
1.80
0.15–21.94
1.47
0.10–20.82
Low HDL-Cb
—
—
—
—
High LDL-C
5.67
0.47–68.28
4.50
0.30–67.36
MetS
0.24
0.02–2.88
0.05
0.001–2.48
Number of MetS componentsa
1.17
0.32–4.15
0.99
0.20–4.86
HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, HOMA-IR: insulin resistance, LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, MetS: metabolic syndrome, and OR: odds ratio. Models were adjusted by sex, sexual development, smoking, physical activity, protein intake and history of type 2 diabetes. aIncluding abdominal obesity. bOR was not calculated because of the small sample size for one comparison group in these cells.
