A Family History of Diabetes Modifies the Association between Elevated Urine Albumin Concentration and Hyperglycemia in Nondiabetic Mexican Adolescents

Table 5

Associations between elevated urine albumin concentration and metabolic syndrome or metabolic markers, stratified according to family history of diabetes.

Models	ORcrude	95% CI	ORadjusted	95% CI
Without family history of diabetes
Abdominal obesity^a	0.25	0.06–1.08	0.39	0.12–1.32
High glucose^b	0.58	0.17–1.94	0.83	0.28–2.47
High insulin^c	0.35	0.10–1.15	0.72	0.23–2.27
High HOMA-IR^c	0.41	0.12–1.35	0.98	0.30–3.21
High blood pressure^c	0.96	0.32–2.84	1.87	0.57–6.17
High triglycerides^c	0.40	0.12–1.32	0.75	0.25–2.26
High total cholesterol^c	0.26	0.03–1.98	0.69	0.15–3.17
Low HDL-C^c	1.35	0.73–2.48	1.35	0.72–2.53
High LDL-C^c	0.65	0.19–2.23	1.21	0.39–3.78
MetS^d	0.23	0.03–1.75	1.42	0.26–7.78
Number of MetS components^de	0.88	0.65–1.19	1.16	0.79–1.70
With family history of diabetes
Abdominal obesity^a	2.71	0.62–11.85	3.19	0.68–15.03
High glucose^b	11.10	1.93–63.85	9.81	1.62–59.43
High insulin^c	0.48	0.05–4.13	0.64	0.06–6.82
High HOMA-IR^c	0.60	0.07–5.25	0.92	0.08–10.57
High blood pressure^f	—	—	—	—
High triglycerides^c	1.29	0.24–7.01	2.01	0.28–14.45
High total cholesterol^c	1.10	0.12–9.96	1.93	0.18–21.25
Low HDL-C^c	2.20	0.42–11.59	4.94	0.70–34.78
High LDL-C^c	0.71	0.08–6.31	0.91	0.09–9.07
MetS^d	1.67	0.30–9.19	6.32	0.58–68.90
Number of MetS components^de	1.69	0.94–3.04	4.48	1.51–13.32

HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, HOMA-IR: insulin resistance, LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, MetS: metabolic syndrome, and OR: odds ratio.
^aAdjusted by sex, sexual development, smoking, physical activity, and protein intake.
^bAdjusted by physical activity, protein intake and percent body fat.
^cAdjusted by sex, sexual development, smoking, physical activity, protein intake and percent body fat.
^dAdjusted by sex, sexual development, physical activity, protein intake and percent body fat.
^eIncluding abdominal obesity.
^fOR was not calculated because of the small sample size for one comparison group in these cells.
value < 0.05, value < 0.