Increased Oxidation as an Additional Mechanism Underlying Reduced Clot Permeability and Impaired Fibrinolysis in Type 2 Diabetes
Table 2
Levels of oxidation markers in specific groups.
Variables
oxLDL
Nitrotyrosine
AGE
sRAGE
ng/mL
nM/mL
U/mL
ng/mL
pg/mL
Obesity (+)
216 (185–250)
0.62 (0.59–0.70)
7.1 (6.1–8.4)
0.91 (0.85–0.98)
449 (415–480)
Obesity (−)
221 (180–273)
0.66 (0.60–0.69)
6.1 (7.1–8.1)
0.94 (0.86–0.99)
459 (406–485)
0.56
0.24
0.51
0.50
0.32
Current smoker (+)
180 (167–233)
0.66 (0.55–0.75)
6.6 (5.9–7.7)
0.88 (0.85–1.07)
451 (360–498)
Current smoker (−)
219 (189–263)
0.63 (0.60–0.70)
6.6 (5.9–7.7)
0.92 (0.86–0.99)
453 (417–481)
0.04
0.55
1.0
0.54
0.94
Previous smoker (+)
212 (180–250)
0.64 (0.60–0.70)
7.1 (6.0–8.4)
0.92 (0.87–0.99)
458 (418–481)
Previous smoker (−)
220 (186–260)
0.61 (0.57–0.68)
7.1 (6.3–8.3)
0.91 (0.85–0.98)
448 (410–480)
0.61
0.05
0.98
0.38
0.20
Hypertension (+)
217 (182–255)
0.63 (0.59–0.70)
7.1 (6.1–8.4)
0.92 (0.85–0.99)
453 (417–481)
Hypertension (−)
242 (193–266)
0.67 (0.61–0.70)
6.5 (5.4–7.1)
0.91 (0.83–1.04)
458 (398–479)
0.52
0.37
0.18
0.70
0.93
Dyslipidemia (+)
218 (186–258)
0.63 (0.60–0.69)
7.1 (6.1–8.4)
0.91 (0.85–0.99)
453 (418–480)
Dyslipidemia (−)
121 (180–253)
0.62 (0.55–0.70)
7.0 (6.3–7.8)
0.94 (0.88–0.98)
452 (401–482)
0.72
0.70
0.44
0.82
0.81
FH (+)
214 (184–247)
0.63 (0.58–0.70)
6.9 (6.0–8.1)
0.91 (0.85–0.97)
458 (417–478)
FH (−)
219 (184–265)
0.63 (0.60–0.70)
7.1 (6.2–8.4)
0.92 (0.86–0.99)
452 (409–481)
0.49
0.90
0.55
0.55
0.89
CAD (+)
218 (186–268)
0.63 (0.60–0.70)
7.2 (6.4–8.4)
0.92 (0.85–0.99)
457 (416–496)
CAD (−)
208 (178–250)
0.63 (0.57–0.67)
6.8 (5.9–8.1)
0.92 (0.87–0.99)
542 (413–480)
0.44
0.22
0.14
0.58
0.17
Previous MI (+)
198 (175–235)
0.68 (0.60–0.72)
7.5 (6.5–8.4)
0.92 (0.88–0.92)
457 (416–496)
Previous MI (−)
220 (190–260)
0.62 (0.59–0.69)
7.1 (6.0–8.2)
0.91 (0.85–0.99)
452 (413–480)
0.14
0.06
0.27
0.41
0.4
Prev. stroke/TIA (+)
198 (181–240)
0.63 (0.60–0.70)
7.4 (6.4–9.3)
0.92 (0.85–0.99)
451 (403–480)
Prev. stroke/TIA (−)
217 (185–260)
0.63 (0.57–0.67)
7.1 (6.1–8.2)
0.92 (0.87–0.99)
459 (429–491)
0.53
0.38
0.21
0.18
0.13
PAD (+)
197 (168–280)
0.60 (0.55–0.77)
7.0 (6.1–8.2)
0.91 (0.81–0.97)
420 (389–460)
PAD (−)
218 (189–254)
0.63 (0.60–0.70)
7.1 (6.1–8.4)
0.92 (0.86–0.99)
457 (421–481)
0.41
0.69
0.93
0.24
0.12
Nephropathy (+)
210 (179–243)
0.63 (0.60–0.71)
6.5 (5.9–7.3)
0.92 (0.90–1.01)
468 (440–501)
Nephropathy (−)
218 (186–264)
0.63 (0.59–0.70)
7.2 (6.2–8.4)
0.91 (0.85–0.99)
450 (402–478)
0.34
0.55
0.04
0.17
0.04
Retinopathy (+)
210 (185–244)
0.60 (0.60–0.70)
7.1 (6.3–7.7)
0.91 (0.83–0.99)
445 (398–481)
Retinopathy (−)
220 (184–258)
0.63 (0.59–0.70)
7.1 (6.1–8.4)
0.92 (0.86–0.99)
453 (417–481)
0.69
0.94
0.55
0.45
0.69
Data expressed as median interquartile range (IQR). Abbreviations: oxLDL, oxidized low-density lipoprotein; AGE, advanced glycation end-product; sRAGE, the soluble form of receptor for advanced glycation end products; , 8-iso-prostaglandin ; FH, family history of diabetes; CAD, coronary artery disease; MI, previous myocardial infarction; TIA, transient ischemic attack; PAD, peripheral artery disease.
