Research Article

Altered Expression of NF-κB and SP1 after Exposure to Advanced Glycation End-Products and Effects of Neurotrophic Factors in AGEs Exposed Rat Retinas

Figure 6

Representative photographs of regenerating neurites. Regenerating neurites are seen under phase-contrast microscopy. In the control serum-free media (a) neurites with normal length are present. In retinas cultured in glucose-AGE-BSA (b), glyceraldehyde-AGE-BSA (c), and glycolaldehyde-AGE-BSA (d), the neurites were shorter, and the numbers of neurites were fewer. In AGEs exposed retinas supplemented with NT-4 (glucose-AGE-BSA + NT-4 (e), glyceraldehyde-AGE-BSA + NT-4 (f), and glycolaldehyde-AGE-BSA + NT-4 (g)), the neurites are longer and thicker, and the number of neurites are higher even than in serum-free control media (a). In AGEs exposed retinas supplemented with HGF, GDNF, and TUDCA (glucose-AGE-BSA + HGF (h), glyceraldehyde-AGE-BSA + HGF (i), and glycolaldehyde-AGE-BSA + HGF (j)), (glucose-AGE-BSA + GDNF (k), glyceraldehyde-AGE-BSA + GDNF (l), and glycolaldehyde-AGE-BSA + GDNF (m)), (glucose-AGE-BSA + TUDCA (n), glyceraldehyde-AGE-BSA + TUDCA (o), and glycolaldehyde-AGE-BSA + TUDCA (p)), the neurites are longer and thicker than in AGEs exposed retinas.
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