Reference Genes/SNP or allele Patients’ characteristics City Study design Method Significant association T1DM and complications Ahmadi et al., 2013 [22 ] CTLA-4/+49A/G 60 T1DM, 56 T2DM, and 107 healthy, male (M)/female (F) Kurdistan Case control PCR-RFLP Positive significant association between AG carriers and T1DM (P = 0.01) Karamizadeh et al., 2013 [23 ] (i) Osteopontin/rs1126772 α 4/rs1449263 rs8193 87 T1DM and 86 healthy, <20 yr, M/F Shiraz Case control PCR-RFLP Nonsignificance
Rahbani-Nabar et al., 2013 [24 ] IL-18/−137C/G 104 T1DM and 92 healthy, 9–32 yr, M/F Tabriz Case control SS-PCR Positive significant association between GG carriers and T1DM (P = 0.037) Bonakdaran et al., 2012 [25 ] (i) VDR/FokI (FF, Ff, ff), BsmI (BB, Bb, bb), ApaI (AA, Aa, aa), TaqI (TT, Tt, tt) 69 T1DM and 45 healthy, <35 yr, M/F Mashhad Case control PCR-RFLP Positive significant association between Aa (P = 0.003), FF (P = 0.008), and Bb (P = 0.014) carriers with T1DM, significant association between ff genotype and history of ketoacidosis (P = 0.04) Mohammadnejad et al., 2012 [26 ] (i) VDR/TaqI (TT, Tt, tt) FokI, BsmI, ApaI 87 T1DM and 100 healthy, 17–38 yr, M/F Mashhad Case control PCR-RFLP (i) Negative significant association between TT carriers and T1DM (P = 0.007)
Afshari et al., 2011 [27 ] (i) TAP2/Ile379Val Stop687Gln Ala565Thr, Arg651Cys, Ala665Thr 87 T1DM and 104 healthy, <30 yr, M/F Mashhad Case control ARMS-PCR (i) Significant association between Ile379Val and T1DM (P = 0.001) P = 0.013)
Massoud et al., 2009 [28 ] (i) IL-18/−137C/G −607A/C 75 T1DM and 88 healthy, <30 yr, M/F Tehran Case control PCR-SSP (i) Positive significant association between GG carriers and T1DM (P = 0.0001) P = 0.0001) Masoud et al., 2007 [29 ] TGFβ /+915C/G 75 T1DM and 88 healthy, <30 yr, M/F Tehran Case control PCR-SSP Nonsignificance Masoud et al., 2007 [30 ] IL-12/+1188A/C 75 T1DM and 88 healthy, <30 yr, M/F Tehran Case control PCR-SSP Significant association between AA and AC genotype and T1DM (P = 0.035) Mojtahedi et al., 2006 [31 ] IL-18/−607A/C, −137C/G 112 T1DM and 194 non-DM, <15 and >15 yr, M/F Shiraz Case control PCR-SSP −137CC and −607AA/−137CC significant association with T1DM in onset >15 yr (P = 0.027) Mojtahedi et al., 2005 [32 ] CTLA-4/+49A/G 109 T1DM and 331 healthy, 0–37 yr, M/F Shiraz Case control PCR-SSP (i) Positive significant association between AG carriers and T1DM (P = 0.00) P = 0.00) Zamani et al., 2005 [33 ] CD4/A2–A9 92 T1DM and 108 healthy, >35 yr, M/F Tehran Case control PCR Negative significant association between A3 allele and T1DM (P = 0.025) P = 0.001) MODY Taghavi et al., 2009 [34 ] HNFα /Val255Met 30 MODY, 21 relatives, and 50 healthy, 25–35 yr, M/F Mashhad Case control PCR-FLP The mutation was found in patients and relatives but not in controls T2DM and complications Ahmadi et al., 2013 [22 ] CTLA-4/+49A/G Said above Said above Said above Said above Nonsignificance
Amiri et al., 2013 [35 ] Haptoglobin/1-1, 2-1, 2-2 134 T2DM with MVCs, 71 T2DM without MVCs, 46–72 yr, M/F Sari Case control PCR Hp2-2 highly significant for T2DM (P = 0.05) Andalib et al., 2013 [36 ] Paraoxonase 2/Ser311Cys 100 T2DM and 100 healthy, 51 yr, M/F Isfahan Case control PCR-RFLP Positive significant association of Cys/Cys and Cys/Ser carriers and negative significant association of Ser/Ser carriers with T2DM (P < 0.05) Kohan et al., 2013 [37 ] Leptin/G-2548A 100 T2DM and 100 healthy, 44–66 yr, M/F Arsanjan Case control PCR-RFLP Positive significant association between GG carriers and T2DM (P = 0.004) Alami et al., 2013 [38 ] TCF7L2/rs7903146 (C/T) 233T2DM and 233 controls, >40 yr, M/F Gorgan Case control PCR-RFLP CC and CT genotypes significant difference between T2DM and controls (P = 0.045) Mahmazi et al., 2013 [39 ] Calreticulin 120 T2DM and 530 controls, 43–66 yr, M/F Zanjan Case control PCR-SCA 9 bp deletion of 397–399 codons Mohammadi et al., 2013 [40 ] (i) ERα /PvuII (PP, Pp, pp) α /XbaI (XX, Xx, xx) 174 T2DM and 174 ND, 35–65 yr, M/F Jahrom Case control PCR-RFLP (i) Significant association with T2DM (P = 0.014), TC (P = 0.007), and TG ( Motavallian et al., 2013 [41 ] PPAR-γ 2/Pro12Ala 100 T2DM and 100 healthy, 51 yr, M/F Isfahan Case control PCR-RFLP Negative significant association between Ala/Ala carriers ( Sepahi et al., 2013 [42 ] HNF-1α /Ala98Val Thr149Met 100 T2DM and 50 healthy controls, ≤35 and >35 yr, M/F Mashhad Case control PCR-RFLP Nonsignificance
Sheikhha et al., 2013 [43 ] APOA1/MSP-I 200 T2DM and 200 healthy, 41.8 yr, M/F Yazd Case control PCR-RFLP Nonsignificance Yaghoubi et al., 2013 [44 ] CXCL5/−156G > C 100 T2DM, 54 yr and 100 healthy, 56 yr, M/F Ardabil Case control PCR-RFLP Positive significant association of GC carriers (P = 0.01) Bahreini et al., 2012 [45 ] Calpain-10/SNP43(A/G) 102 T2DM and 100 healthy, 40–70 yr, M East Azerbayjan Case control PCR-RFLP G allele as risk factor of T2DM (P = 0.037) Derakhshan et al., 2012 [46 ] SDF-1β /G801A 200 T2DM and 200 healthy, 40 yr, M/F Rafsanjan Case control PCR-RFLP Nonsignificance Haghani et al., 2012 [47 ] (i) IRS-1/G972R G1057D 336 T2DM and 341 healthy, 44–63 yr, M/F Ilam and Kermanshah Case control PCR-RFLP (i) Positive significant association of GR (P = 0.001) and RR (P = 0.016)
Alami et al., 2012 [48 ] TCF7L2/rs12255372 (G/T) 236 T2DM and 255 healthy, >37 yr, M/F Gorgan Case control PCR-RFLP Positive significant association between TT carriers and T2DM (P = 0.014) Meshkani et al., 2012 [49 ] (i) ERα /PvuII (PP, Pp, pp) α /XbaI (XX, Xx, xx) 155 T2DM and 377 controls, 23–79 yr, M/F Tehran Case control PCR-RFLP (i) Positive significant association of pooled Pp + pp male carriers (P = 0.001) with T2DM P = 0.026) with T2DM Moasser et al., 2012 [50 ] GSTM1/present/null /present/null /Ile105Val 171 T2DM and 169 healthy, 25–65 yr, M/F Shiraz Case control PCR-RFLP GSTM1-null (P = 0.016) and interaction of GSTM-null/GSTT1-null ( Mohaddes et al., 2012 [51 ] SLC30A8/Arg325Trp 125 T2DM and 125 controls, 40–70 yr, M/F Azarbayjan Case control PCR-RFLP Nonsignificance
Oladi et al., 2012 [52 ] Glucokinase/−30G/A 542 subjects, 18–65 yr, M/F Mashhad Cross sectional PCR-RFLP Nonsignificance Palizban et al., 2012 [53 ] TCF7L2/rs7903146 (C/T) 110 T2DM and 80 healthy, 46–67 yr, M/F Isfahan Case control PCR-RFLP Positive significant association between TT carriers and T2DM (P = 0.008) Tabatabaei-Malazy et al., 2012 [54 ] ApoE/E3-E 3, E2-E3, E4-E3 156 T2DM and 155 healthy, 25–65, M/F Tehran Case control PCR-RFLP Nonsignificance Ghasemi et al., 2012 [55 ] KCNJ11/E23K 358 T2DM and 388 healthy, 41–69 yr, M/F Rasht Case control Real time PCR Positive significant association between KK carriers and obese T2DM (P = 0.037)
Ranjbar et al., 2011 [56 ] Adiponectin/+45T/G, −11391G/A 244 T2DM and 99 healthy, 37–65 yr, M/F Rafsanjan Case control PCR-RFLP Nonsignificant Mehrab-Mohseni et al., 2011 [57 ] eNOS VNTR/intron 4 a/b 220 T2DM and 96 healthy, 53 ± 15 yr, M/F Rafsanjan Case control PCR Positive significant association between aa or ab carriers and T2DM (P = 0.02) Nosratabadi et al., 2011 [58 ] (i) VDR/TaqI (TT/Tt/tt) ApaI (AA/Aa/aa) 100 T2DM and 100 healthy, 40 yr, M/F Rafsanjan Case control PCR-RFLP (i) Positive significant association between Tt carriers and T2DM (P < 0.001) Saberi et al., 2011 [59 ] ENPP1/K121Q 155 T2DM and 377 healthy, 23–79 yr, M/F Tehran Case control PCR-RFLP Nonsignificance Fallah et al., 2010 [60 ] SUMO4/Met55Val (163A/G) 50 T2DM and 50 healthy, 25–45 yr, M/F Tehran Case control PCR-RFLP Nonsignificance Heidari et al., 2010 [61 ] UCP2/−866G/A 75 T2DM, 75 ND obese and 75 ND nonobese, 35–76 yr, M/F Tehran Case control PCR-RFLP Nonsignificance Nazem et al., 2010 [62 ] 5HTTLPR/SS, SL, LL 90 T2DM and 90 healthy, 54–66 yr, M/F Shiraz Case control PCR Nonsignificance
Bazzaz et al., 2010 [63 ] MTHFR/C677T 401 T2DM, 74 ND obese and 207 ND nonobese, 30–63 yr, M/F Tehran Case control PCR-RFLP Nonsignificance Emamgholipour et al., 2009 [64 ] resistin/−420C/G 47 T2DM and 66 healthy, 58 ± 9 yr, M/F Tehran Case control PCR-RFLP Positive significant association between CC carriers and T2DM (P = 0.009) Hasani-Ranjbar et al., 2009 [65 ] CXCL5/−156G/C 230 T2DM and 120 healthy, 40–63 yr, M/F Rafsanjan Case control PCR-RFLP Positive significant association between GC or CC carriers and T2DM (P = 0.004) Kazemi Arababadi et al., 2009 [66 ] IL-4/−590C/T γ /+874T/A 160 T2DM and 160 healthy, 38 ± 9 yr, M/F Rafsanjan Case control PCR-RFLP Nonsignificance
Arababadi et al., 2009 [67 ] CCR5/δ 32mutation 200 T2DM and 300 healthy, 40 ± 9 yr, M/F Rafsanjan Case control Gap-PCR Nonsignificance Kazemi et al., 2009 [68 ] INSR 128 T2DM, >40 yr, M/F Tehran Case control PCR Following mutations were found only in T2DM Mirzaei et al., 2009 [69 ] PPARγ 2/Pro12Ala 78 normal, 78 obese, 78 T2DM, and 78 obese T2DM, 25–64 yr, M/F Tehran Cross sectional PCR-RFLP Nonsignificance Nikzamir et al., 2008 [70 ] ACE/insertion (I)/deletion (D) 170 T2DM and 144 healthy, M/F Tehran Case control PCR Positive significant association between DD carriers and T2DM (P = 0.02) Sharifi et al., 2008 [71 ] HFE/H63D, C282Y 101 T2DM and 101 healthy, 55 ± 11 yr, M/F Zanjan Case control PCR Nonsignificance Besharati et al., 2007 [72 ] (i) ApoA-I/G-75A C+83T 215 subjects, 26–64 yr, M/F Tehran Cross sectional PCR-RFLP (i) Nonsignificant association between G-75A carriers and T2DM P = 0.028) Hasani-Ranjbar et al., 2007 [73 ] Adiponectin/+45T/G 80 T2DM obese, 72 T2DM nonobese, and 70 healthy, 25–64 yr, M/F Tehran Case control PCR-RFLP Positive significant association between TT carriers and nonobese T2DM (P = 0.04) Meshkani et al., 2007 [74 ] PTPN1/−51delA, −451A>G, −467T>C −1023C>A, −1045G>A, −1286 3 bp del ACA, −1291 9 bp del CTAGACTAA 174 T2DM and 412 healthy, 23–79, M/F Tehran Case control PCR sequencing Nonsignificance Meshkani et al., 2007 [75 ] PPARγ /Pro12Ala 412 T2DM and 284 healthy, 23–79 yr, M/F Tehran Case control PCR-RFLP Negative significant association between Pro/Ala or Ala/Ala carriers and T2DM (P = 0.003) T2DM patients and insulin resistance Namvaran et al., 2012 [76 ] (i) Adiponectin/+45T/G +795G/A 101 T2DM and 128 healthy, 30–70 yr, M/F Shiraz Case control PCR-RFLP (i) Positive significant association between TG carriers and T2DM (P = 0.032) Namvaran et al., 2011 [77 ] PPARγ /Pro12Ala 101 T2DM and 128 healthy, 30–70 yr, M/F Shiraz Case control Real time PCR Positive significant association between Ala allele carriers and T2DM (P = 0.036)
Hossein-nezhad et al., 2009 [78 ] VDR/FokI (FF, Ff, ff) 105 T2DM, 55 ± 10 yr, M/F Tehran Case series PCR-RFLP Positive significant association between ff carriers and insulin resistance index (P = 0.02) Moosapoor et al., 2007 [79 ] PTPN1/148insG 71 T2DM and 264 ND, 20–80 yr, M/F Tehran Case control PCR-RFLP Negative significant association between 148insG carriers and insulin resistance index ( T2DM patients and heart diseases Bayatmakoo et al., 2013 [80 ] Paraoxonase 1/163T/A (L55M) 105 CAD/DM and 95 CAD/ND, <85 yr, M/F Tabriz Case control PCR-RFLP Nonsignificance Bayatmakoo et al., 2012 [81 ] Paraoxonase 1/575G>A (Q192R) 105 DM/CAD and 95 CAD/ND, <85 yr, M/F Tabriz Case control PCR-RFLP Positive significant association between RR carriers and CAD/DM (P < 0.05) Esteghamati et al., 2012 [82 ] (i) Adiponectin/+45T/G /+276G/T 114 CAD/DM and 127 DM, 42–71 yr, M/F Tehran Case control PCR-RFLP (i) Negative significant association between 45TT carriers and CAD (P = 0.033) P = 0.023) Rahimi et al., 2012 [83 ] eNOS/G894T B1 102 CAD/DM, 105 CAD/ND, 101 DM, and 92 ND, 45–66 yr, M/F Kermanshah Case control PCR-RFLP Positive significant association of concomitant presence of NOS3 T allele and CEPT B1 allele with T2DM (P = 0.004) and CAD ( Assali et al., 2011 [84 ] AT1R/A1166C 145 CAD/DM and 164 CAD, <50 and ≥50 yr, M/F Mashhad Case control PCR-RFLP Positive significant association of AC and CC carriers with DM ( Emamgholipour et al., 2009 [85 ] Resistin/−420C/G 113 CAD with and without DM, Tehran Cross sectional PCR-RFLP Positive significant association between CC carriers and DM ( Fallah et al., 2010 [86 ] MMP-3/−1612 5A/6A 305 CAD/DM and 313 DM, Tehran Case control PCR-RFLP Positive significant association between 6A/6A carriers and CAS (P = 0.008) Vaisi-Raygani et al., 2010 [87 ] BChE K/G1615A E2, E3, E4 118 DM, 162 CAD/ND, 172 DM/CAD, and 179 healthy, 42–68 yr, M/F Kermanshah Case control PCR-RFLP Positive significant association of GA, AA, and E4 carriers with CAD and DM (P < 0.05) P < 0.05) Rahimi et al., 2009 [88 ] Factor V G1691A G20210A C677T 65 CAD/DM, 52 CAD/ND, and 59 healthy, 46064 yr, M/F Kermanshah Case control PCR-RFLP Nonsignificance Nakhjavani et al., 2007 [89 ] ACE/I/D 82 DM with hypertension and 87 DM without hypertension, 49–63 yr, M/F Tehran Case control PCR Positive significant association between DD carriers and hypertension (P = 0.026) Vaisi-Raygani et al., 2007 [90 ] Apolipoprotein/E2, E3, E4 152 CAD/DM, 262 CAD/ND, and 300 healthy, 35–73 yr, M/F Kermanshah Case control PCR-RFLP Positive significant association of E2 and E4 allele carriers with CAD (P < 0.001) T2DM patients and nephropathy Rahimi et al., 2013 [91 ] eNOS/4a/b, G894T 63T2DM/microalbuminuria, 57T2DM/macroalbuminuria, 52T2DM/normoalbuminuria, 121 DN, and 101 healthy, 45–66 yr, M/F Kermanshah Case control PCR Positive significant association of 4a or 894T allele carriers and macro- (P = 0.01) or microalbuminuria (P = 0.02) Rahimi et al., 2013 [92 ] AT2R/−1332G/A 28T2DM/microalbuminuria, 22T2DM/macroalbuminuria, 20T2DM/normoalbuminuria, and 112 healthy, 43–63 yr, M/F Kermanshah Case control PCR-RFLP Positive significant association between AA carriers and nephropathy (P = 0.016) Shahsavar et al., 2013 [93 ] SUMO4/163A/G (M55V) 50 T2D/DN and 50 T2DM non-DN, 25–45 yr, M/F Tehran Case control PCR-RFLP Positive significant association between AA carriers and nephropathy (P < 0.05)
Arababadi et al., 2012 [94 ] IL-10/−592C/A 100 T2DM/non-DN, 100 T2DM/DN and 100 healthy, 31–49 yr, M/F Rafsanjan Case control PCR-RFLP Positive significant association between CC carriers and DN ( Nikzamir et al., 2012 [95 ] VEGF/+405G/C 255 T2DM/microalbuminuria and 235 T2DM/nonalbuminuric, 50–67 yr, M/F Tehran Case control PCR-RFLP Positive significant association between GG carriers and albuminuria (P = 0.002) Rahimi et al., 2012 [96 ] MTHFR/A1298C, C677T I/D 72T2DM/MicAlb, 68T2DM/MacAlband 72 T2DM/non-DN, 46–65 yr, M/F Kermanshah Case control PCR-RFLP Positive significant association of ACE D/677T (P = 0.035) and ACE D/1298C (P = 0.012) carriers with macroalbuminuria Rahimi et al., 2012 [97 ] eNOS/G894T I/D 72T2DM/microalbuminuria, 68T2DM/macroalbuminuria and 72 T2DM/non-DN, 46–65 yr, M/F Kermanshah Case control PCR-RFLP Positive significant association between ACE D carriers and macroalbuminuria (P = 0.035) Felehgari et al., 2011 [98 ] ACE/I/D 68 T2DM/macroalbuminuria and 72 T2Dm/normoalbuminuria, 46–65 yr, M/F Kermanshah Case control PCR Nonsignificance Jafari et al., 2011 [99 ] eNOS/G894T C677T, A1298C 72T2DM/microalbuminuria, 68T2DM/macroalbuminuria and 72 T2DM/non-DN, 46–65 yr, M/F Kermanshah Case control PCR-RFLP (i) Positive significant association of eNOS T/1298 C and eNOS T/677 T carriers with macroalbuminuria (P < 0.05) P < 0.05) Rahimi et al., 2011 [100 ] ACE/I/D G1691A 217/mean 55/both Kermanshah Case control PCR Nonsignificance Arababadi, 2010 [101 ] IL-4/−590C/T 100 T2DM/DN and 150 healthy, 33–47 yr, M/F Rafsanjan Case control PCR Positive significant association between CT carriers and DN ( Nosratabadi et al., 2010 [102 ] (i) VDR/TaqI (TT/Tt/tt) ApaI (AA/Aa/aa) 100 T2DM/non-DN, 100 T2DM/DN, and 100 healthy, 31–49 yr, M/F Rafsanjan Case control PCR-RFLP (i) Positive significant association between Tt carriers and DN ( Rahimi et al., 2010 [103 ] MTHFR/C677T, A1298C 72T2DM/microlbumiunira, 68T2DM/macroalbuminuria, and 72 T2DM/non-DN, 46–65 yr, M/F Kermanshah Case control PCR-RFLP (i) Positive significant association of 677T, 1298C and 677T/1298C carriers with macroalbuminoria (P < 0.001) P < 0.001) Nikzamir et al., 2009 [104 ] ACE/I/D 129T2DM/microlbumiunira, 48T2DM/macroalbuminuria, and 145T2DM/normoalbuminuria, 59.4 ± 8.5 yr, M/F Tehran Cross sectional PCR Positive significant association between DD carriers and progression of albuminuria ( Nikzamir et al., 2006 [105 ] ACE/I/D 85 T2DM/DN, 85 T2DM/non-DN, and 91 healthy, 37–67 yr, M/F Tehran Case control PCR Positive significant association between DD carriers and T2DM ( T2DM patients and retinopathy Abbasi et al., 2013 [106 ] GSTM1/null/positive 80 DR and 80 healthy, 30–70 yr, M/F Rasht Case control ARMS-PCR Null genotype significant association, P < 0.05 Dadbinpour et al., 2013 [107 ] (i) GSTM1/null/positive null/positive 57 DR and 58 non-DR, 35–65 yr, M/F Yazd Case control Multiplex PCR (i) Null genotype of GSTM1 or GSTT1 significant association ( Feghhi et al., 2011 [108 ] VEGF/+405G/C 119 diabetics with PDR and 279 diabetics with NPDR, 47–66 yr, M/F Ahvaz Case control PCR-RFLP Positive significant association between GG carriers and diabetic retinopathy (P = 0.005) T2DM patients and foot ulcer Amoli et al., 2011 [109 ] (i) VEGF/−7C/T −2578C/A 247 T2DM with DFU, 241 T2DM without DFU, and 98 healthy, 43–64, M/F Tehran Case control ARMS-PCR (i) Nonsignificant association of −7C/T carriers with DFU P = 0.03)
