Association of a Large Panel of Cytokine Gene Polymorphisms with Complications and Comorbidities in Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Table 1

Clinical and laboratorial characteristics in T2D patients considering retinopathy (DRP).

Variables	Diabetic retinopathy
	Yes ()	No ()
Age (years)	57.00 (12.00)	52.50 (15.00)	0.013
Gender (male/female) %	22.73/77.27	11.11/88.89	0.150
BMI (Kg/m^2)	29.95 ± 5.90	37.17 ± 6.95	<0.0001
Hypertension (yes/no) %	89.39/10.61	97.22/2.78	0.254
Dyslipidemia (yes/no) %	95.45/4.55	91.67/8.33	0.663
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)	143.00 (97.00)	118.00 (62.75)	0.074
Postprandial glucose (mg/dL)	225.00 (96.50)	144.50 (130.00)	0.013
HbA1c %	9.28 ± 1.62	8.31 ± 2.35	0.104
T2D onset (years) %
≤5	7.58^b	45.46	<0.0001
5–10	12.12	18.18
≥10	80.30^a	36.36

BMI: body mass index and HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin.
Normal variables (BMI and HbA1c): the data are shown as mean ± standard deviation.
No normal variables (age, fasting glucose, and postprandial glucose): the data are shown as median (interquartile range).
Categorical variables (gender, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and T2D onset): the data are shown as “percentage of total.”
was considered statistically significant.
^aMore frequent; ^bless frequent, residual analysis.