Cardiovascular Control during Exercise in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Table 1

Data from multiple studies pertaining to the effects of type 2 diabetes mellitus on peak heart rate (HR), peak oxygen uptake (), and the time constant of oxygen uptake (). Mean values are presented and the “Mean” corresponds to the average of the mean values from each study. “%diff” is the percentage difference between control and diabetic subjects. C = control subjects. DM = type 2 diabetes mellitus. “Mode” of exercise testing is cycling (C) or treadmill (T).

Reference	Sample size		Age (Y)			BMI			Peak HR (bpm)			Peak (L/min)			(s)			Mode
	C	DM	C	DM	%diff	C	DM	%diff	C	DM	%diff	C	DM	%diff	C	DM	%diff
Adult female, untrained, <60 y
[17]	21	15	30–55	30–55		29.1	30.9		163	163	0.0	1.77	1.37	−22.6	31.5	37.1	17.8	C
[12]	10	10	39.3	42.5	8.1	28.3	31.9	12.7	166	169	1.8	1.64	1.52	−7.3	—	—	—	C
[18]	10	10	37	42	13.5	30.8	33.1	7.5	168	167	−0.6	1.73	1.36	−21.4	27.8	36.8	32.4	C
[19]	9	9	42.5	49.1	15.5	29	34.4	18.6	165	145	−12.1	1.77	1.4	−20.9	24.8	39.1	57.7	C
[20]	16	16	53.4	54.8	2.6	29	30.2	4.1	154	154	0.0	1.6	1.5	−6.3	33.6	43.3	28.9	C
Mean	12.7	11.3	37.5	40.7	7.6	29.6	33.1	13.2	167.0	161.7	−3.1	1.76	1.56	−12.2	29.4	39.1	34.2
Adult male, untrained, <60 y
[17]	13	14	30–55	30–55		28.5	30.6	7.4	161	163	1.2	2.46	2.26	−8.1	34.8	45.1	29.6	C
[20]	16	16	57.8	57.4	−0.7	28.2	29	2.8	161	157	−2.5	2.8	2.5	−10.7	35.3	43.8	24.1	C
[11]	11	15	48	52	8.3	28.8	29.3	1.7	169	160	−5.3	3.2	2.5	−21.9	26.8	41.6	55.2	C
[21]	11	8	49	53	8.2	27.5	28.7	4.4	175	169	−3.4	2.83	2.31	−18.4	—	—	—	C
Mean	12.8	13.3	51.6	54.1	5.3	28.3	29.4	4.1	166.5	162.3	−2.5	2.8	2.4	−14.8	32.3	43.5	36.3
Mixed (4 F/6 M), untrained, <60 y
[22]	10	10	51	50	−2.0	27	30	11.1	161	153	−5.0	2.3	1.9	−17.4	—	—	—	T
Adult male, untrained, >60 y
[23]	12	12	62	65	4.8	28.4	29.2	2.8	—	—		2.72	1.98	−27.2	41	43	4.9	C
[11]	10	18	64	64	0.0	28.2	30.3	7.4	156	154	−1.3	2.7	2.4	−11.1	40.5	41.1	1.5	C
Adult female, untrained (UT) and trained (T), <60 y
[24]	9 (UT)	8 (UT)	37	43	16.2	30.3	30.9	2.0	167	166	−0.6	1.74	1.42	−18.4	27.7	47.7	72.2	C
	9 (T)	8 (T)	37	43	16.2	31.8	30.5	−4.1	164	164	0.0	1.86	1.75	−5.9	18.9	37.4	97.9	C
Adolescents
[25]	10	8	15.2	14.9	−2.0	31.1	38.3	23.2	186	172	−7.5	2.07	2.18	5.3	—	—	—	C
[14]	27	13	15.1	15.4	2.0	35.5	36.5	2.8	175.7	174.2	−0.9	2.2	2.12	−3.6	—	—	—	C