Flow Mediated Dilatation Is Reduced with the Progressive Stages of Glomerular Filtration Rate and Albuminuria in Type 2 Diabetic Patients without Coronary Heart Disease
Table 2
The relationship between the FMD and clinical parameters in the type 2 diabetic patients with and without CHD.
Parameters
CHD (−)
CHD (+)
Univariate
Multivariate
Univariate
Multivariate
Regression coefficient
Regression coefficient
Regression coefficient
Regression coefficient
Age (years)
−0.036
0.01
−0.019
0.20
−0.015
0.44
Male (%)
−0.097
0.61
−0.018
0.94
Duration of diabetes mellitus (years)
−0.031
0.05
−0.030
0.14
Current smoker (%)
−0.146
0.47
−0.035
0.88
Body mass index (kg/m2)
−0.026
0.43
0.049
0.32
Obesity (%)
0.002
0.99
0.345
0.12
Medication
Insulin use (%)
−0.133
0.50
−0.408
0.08
RAS inhibitor use (%)
−0.335
0.07
−0.020
0.93
Statin use (%)
−0.231
0.23
−0.046
0.85
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors use (%)
−0.475
0.08
0.081
0.77
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
0.004
0.65
0.005
0.63
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
0.016
0.20
0.007
0.69
Hypertension (%)
−0.133
0.55
−0.879
<0.01
−0.827
0.01
HbA1c (%)
0.143
0.09
0.016
0.90
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)
0.174
0.39
0.455
0.06
Hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia (%)
−0.127
0.50
0.005
0.98
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)
0.497
0.34
1.075
0.09
Hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia (%)
−0.008
0.97
−0.533
0.02
−0.501
0.02
Serum uric acid (mg/dL)
−0.004
0.03
−0.002
0.34
Hyperuricemia (%)
−0.007
0.97
0.034
0.88
Serum creatinine (mg/dL)
−0.002
0.26
−0.001
0.33
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)
0.022
<0.01
0.016
0.02
0.015
0.06
Albuminuria (%)
−0.562
<0.01
−0.415
0.03
−0.449
0.07
ABI
1.124
0.52
0.928
0.56
baPWV (cm/s)
−0.001
0.20
−0.001
0.36
cIMT (mm)
−0.979
0.26
−1.497
0.11
Diabetic retinopathy (%)
−0.306
0.13
−0.027
0.42
Diabetic neuropathy (%)
−0.261
0.19
0.043
0.89
RAS inhibitors: renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers). Xanthine oxidase inhibitors: allopurinol or febuxostat. Albuminuria: albuminuria stage A1 or A2.
