Current Smoking Dose-Dependently Associated with Decreased β-Cell Function in Chinese Men without Diabetes

Table 3

The associations between smoking status and -cell deficiency and insulin resistance.

Smoking status	-cell deficiency				Insulin resistance
	No	Yes	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	No	Yes	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)
Never	337 (39.93)	261 (36.20)	1.00	1.00	505 (38.37)	93 (37.35)	1.00	1.00
Former	73 (8.65)	46 (6.38)	0.81 (0.54–1.22)	0.94 (0.59–1.49)	99 (7.52)	20 (8.03)	1.10 (0.65–1.86)	0.77 (0.42–1.41)
Current	434 (51.42)	414 (57.42)	1.23 (1.00–1.52)	1.29 (1.01–1.64)	712 (54.10)	136 (54.62)	1.04 (0.78–1.38)	0.95 (0.68–1.32)

OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
Adjusted for age, education level, drinking status, body mass index, waist circumference, level of physical activity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.