The Impact of Abnormal Glucose Tolerance and Obesity on Fetal Growth

Table 1

Frequency and order of variable entry in blocks.

Variables entered in block 1 (prepregnancy factors)
Categorical		Frequency (%)
Prepregnancy BMI	<18.5	99 (4%)
	18.5–24.9	1350 (61%)
	25.0–29.9	483 (22%)
	30.0+	282 (13%)
Preexisting CVD or hypertension	Yes	72 (3%)
	No	2233 (97%)
Prepregnancy smoking	Yes	525 (23%)
	No	1767 (77%)
Parity	0	819 (36%)
	1+	1485 (64%)
Income	<$30,000	262 (12%)
	$30,000–$79,999	1096 (50%)
	$80,000	826 (38%)
Education	Did not complete high school	119 (12%)
	Completed high school only	826 (38%)
	Some education beyond high school	1096 (50%)
Continuous		Mean (±SD)
Age (years)	2305	30 (±5)
Height (cm)	2289	165 (±7)
Variables entered in block 2 (early pregnancy factors)
Categorical		Frequency (%)
Antidepressant use	Yes	38 (2%)
	No	2267 (98%)
Depression	≥16 on CES-D (depressed)	424 (19%)
	<16 on CES-D	1864 (81%)
Smoking during pregnancy	Yes	234 (10%)
	No	2060 (90%)
Hyper emesis	Yes	389 (17%)
	No	1899 (83%)
Exercise	<3 times a week	766 (33%)
	≥3 times a week	1539 (67%)
Continuous		Mean (±SD)
Stress (standardized composite score)	2296	0 (±1)
Variables entered in block 3 (diet and nutrition)
Categorical		Frequency (%)
Vitamin D sufficiency	Yes	1938 (84%)
	No	367 (16%)
Continuous		Mean (±SD)
Total kilocalories	2298	2028 (±746)
Percentage of total kilocalories from fat	2298	29 (±4)
Grams of omega-3 fatty acid	2294	0.16 (±0.22)
Variables entered in block 4 (late pregnancy factors)
Categorical		Frequency (%)
Pregnancy weight gain	Insufficient	89 (4%)
	Appropriate	1932 (84%)
	Excess	284 (12%)
Gestational diabetes	None	2206 (95%)
	Abnormal glucose tolerance	26 (1%)
	Gestational diabetes	73 (3%)
Insulin use	Yes	36 (2%)
	No	2269 (89%)