Automated Quantification of Neuropad Improves Its Diagnostic Ability in Patients with Diabetic Neuropathy

Table 1

Comparison of clinical data of study participants with type 1 and 2 diabetes according to the presence or absence of neuropathy defined by the Toronto criteria. Data are medians (5th percentile, 95th percentile), values are derived from a Mann-Whitney test.

Variables	Diabetes without neuropathy	Diabetes with neuropathy	value
Demographic measures
	64	46
Age	45 (21, 71)	62 (44, 75)	<0.0001
Diabetes duration (years)	19 (3, 48)	40 (8, 58)	<0.0001
Gender (male/female)	39/25	33/13
Type of diabetes (I/II)	52/12	32/14
HbA1c % [mmol/mol]	7.6 (6.9, 8.4) [60 (51, 68)]	8.6 (8, 9.2) [69 (59, 77)]	0.006
BMI (kg/m^2)	26.0 (21, 38)	29.0 (21, 38)	0.09
Systolic BP (mmHg)	123 (99, 154)	140 (108, 169)	0.004
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	67 (56, 78)	67 (56, 83)	0.9
Cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.2 (2.9, 6.9)	3.8 (2.7, 6)	0.17
Triglyceride (mmol/L)	1 (0.5, 2)	1.1 (0.4, 2.9)	0.4
Large fibre assessments
NDS	0.5 (0, 5)	5.5 (3, 10)	<0.0001
VPT (V)	6.3 (3, 19)	21.8 (8, 41)	<0.0001
SNAP (μV)	13 (4.6, 28)	4.9 (0.4, 19)	<0.0001
SNCV (m/s)	43.8 (40, 51.9)	39.5 (27, 45.7)	<0.0001
PMNAP (μV)	4.6 (1, 7.6)	1.8 (0.1, 5)	<0.0001
PMNCV (m/s)	44.1; (39.1, 49.1)	39.3 (19, 45)	<0.0001
Small fibre assessments
IENFD (no./mm)	6.8 (0.5, 13.5)	3.5 (0.3, 15.3)	<0.0001
CNFD (no./mm^2)	30.0; (15.6, 43.8)	21.4; (6.3, 36.5)	0.005
CNBD (no./mm^2)	90.1; (21.9, 214)	62.5; (3.1, 220.3)	0.1
CNFL (mm/mm^2)	25.0; (12.8, 33.5)	19.6; (4.6, 34.0)	0.03
DB-HRV (beats per min)	25 (6, 45)	10 (4, 39)	0.002
WPT (°C)	38.5; (34.7, 46.7)	42.0; (36.3, 49.8)	<0.0001
Neuropad (%)	61.5 (0, 99)	18.0 (0, 99)	0.01