Inflammatory Cytokine Profile Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Adult Patients with Type 1 Diabetes

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of the population comparing patients with and without MS.

Parameter	With MS; ()	Without MS; ()
Age, years (median, IR)	34 (24–42)	26 (20–32)	0.001^*
Evolution, years (median, IR)	19 (12.5–27.5)	16 (10–22)	0.021^*
WC, cm (mean ± SD)	90.3 ± 10	80 ± 9.2	<0.001^†
Male	92.3 ± 11.31	85.9 ± 7.61	0.05^†
Female	89.5 ± 9.56	77.2 ± 8.65	<0.001^†
BMI, kg/m^2 (mean ± SD)	26.1 ± 3.83	23.5 ± 3.09	<0.001^†
Male	25.7 ± 4.1	23.8 ± 3.3	0.124^†
Female	26.3 ± 3.7	23.3 ± 3	<0.001^†
WHR (mean ± SD)	0.90 ± 0.06	0.87 ± 0.07	0.001^†
Male	0.95 ± 0.04	0.90 ± 0.06	0.016^†
Female	0.90 ± 0.07	0.86 ± 0.06	0.009^†
WHtR (median, IR)	0.54 (0.5–0.6)	0.48 (0.45–0.52)	<0.001^*
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg (median, IR)	110 (100–120)	110 (100–120)	NS
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg (mean ± SD)	68.7 ± 8.43	67 ± 8.34	NS
Insulin dose, units (median, IR)	54 (43–72)	52 (42–60)	NS
U/body weight (kg) (median, IR)	0.67 (0.54–0.93)	0.83 (0.63–1.04)
Glomerular filtration rate, mL/min (median, IR)	77.9 (30.5–97)	76 (46.9–98)	NS
Fasting glucose, mg/dL (median, IR)	150 (88–220)	140 (94–238)	NS
HbA1c, % (median, IR)	9 (8–10)	8 (8–10)	NS
Cholesterol, mg/dL (median, IR)	198 (163–240)	175 (153–206)	0.005^*
Triglycerides, mg/dL (median, IR)	164 (113–241)	89 (65–119)	<0.001^*
c-HDL, mg/dL (median, IR)	46 (37–59)	57 (47–67)	<0.001^*
Male	44 (35.7–52.7)	46.5 (42.2–54)	0.23
Female	51 (37–63)	61 (53–71)	<0.001^*
c-LDL, mg/dL (median, IR)	112 (94.5–137.5)	103 (80–116)	0.018^*

IR: interquartile range, WC: waist circumference, BMI: body mass index, WHR: waist-to-hip ratio, WHtR: waist-to-height ratio, HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin, c-HDL: cholesterol associated with high-density lipoprotein, c-LDL: cholesterol associated with low-density lipoprotein.
^*Mann-Whitney test; ^†Student’s -test.