The Impact of an Internet-Based Self-Management Intervention (HeLP-Diabetes) on the Psychological Well-Being of Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Mixed-Method Cohort Study

Table 1

Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants.

Variable	Mean (SD) or frequency (%)
Demographics
Age (years)	63.5 (10.7), range 41–83
Gender	32% female
	68% male
Ethnicity
White British	8 (42%)
White Irish	3 (16%)
White other	2 (11%)
Bangladeshi	2 (11%)
African	1 (5%)
Caribbean	1 (5%)
Chinese	1 (5%)
Other Asian	1 (5%)
Highest level qualification
Secondary school	1 (5%)
GCSE’s	1 (5%)
A-levels	1 (5%)
Further qualifications (e.g., diploma)	7 (38%)
Undergraduate degree	2 (11%)
Postgraduate degree	7 (37%)
Marital status
Married	9 (47%)
Single	5 (26%)
Divorced	4 (21%)
Preferred not to state	1 (5%)
First language
English	15 (79%)
Spanish	1 (5%)
French	1 (5%)
Swahili	1 (5%)
Mandarin	1 (5%)
Clinical
Duration of diabetes
0–6 months	1 (5%)
1-2 years	1 (5%)
2–5 years	3 (16%)
5–10 years	6 (32%)
10+ years	8 (42%)
Current or previous diabetes-related complications
Yes	8 (42%)
No	11 (58%)
Self-rated computer experience
Advanced	7 (37%)
Intermediate	7 (37%)
Basic	5 (26%)

Advanced (e.g., work is to do with the Internet); intermediate (e.g., used or currently use the Internet regularly); basic (e.g., used the Internet a few times but not often).