An Investigation into the Antiobesity Effects of Morinda citrifolia L. Leaf Extract in High Fat Diet Induced Obese Rats Using a ¹H NMR Metabolomics Approach

Table 1

The plasma biochemistry of rats fed a normal diet (ND) or a high fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks to induce obesity.

	ND	HFD
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.28 ± 0.15	1.16 ± 0.09
HDL (mmol/L)	0.99 ± 0.16	0.66 ± 0.08
LDL (mmol/L)	0.28 ± 0.02	0.23 ± 0.03
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	0.43 ± 0.07	0.91 ± 0.15
Leptin (pg/mL)	719.30 ± 150.1	1819.50 ± 150.1
Insulin (μg/L)	0.20 ± 0.02	1.30 ± 0.09
Adiponectin (ng/mL)	7.40 ± 0.50	6.11 ± 0.07
Glucose (mmol/L)	5.68 ± 0.33	6.26 ± 0.13
Urea (μmol/L)	6.26 ± 0.81	5.14 ± 0.80
Creatinine (mmol/L)	55.20 ± 2.17	51.60 ± 2.41
GGT (U/L)	1.00 ± 0.00	6.00 ± 0.84
AST (U/L)	76.36 ± 3.16	75.40 ± 1.29
ALT (U/L)	37.64 ± 5.26	30.82 ± 1.48
ALP (U/L)	69.14 ± 9.98	127.20 ± 5.07

Different small letters indicate significant difference () between ND and HFD groups as shown by analysis of variance (ANOVA) using Minitab Version 14.