Research Article

Subclinical Alterations of Cardiac Mechanics Present Early in the Course of Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Blinded Speckle Tracking Stress Echocardiography Study

Table 2

Conventional echocardiographic parameters derived from two-dimensional and Doppler imaging.

Diabetes
()
Control
()
value

Aortic root (AoR) diameter (cm)2.33 ± 0.352.41 ± 0.35n.s.
Left atrial (LA) diameter (cm)2.56 ± 0.382.71 ± 0.45n.s.
LA/AoR1.11 ± 0.161.13 ± 0.16n.s.
Fractional shortening (%)33.41 ± 4.0834.78 ± 3.94n.s.
Interventricular septal end-systolic diameter (cm)1.06 ± 0.221.17 ± 0.200.011
Interventricular septal end-diastolic diameter (cm)0.84 ± 0.180.89 ± 0.16n.s.
LV end-systolic diameter (cm)2.70 ± 0.432.76 ± 0.41n.s.
LV end-diastolic diameter (cm)4.05 ± 0.564.27 ± 0.46n.s.
LV posterior wall diameter, systolic (cm)1.23 ± 0.201.27 ± 0.21n.s.
LV posterior wall diameter, diastolic (cm)0.79 ± 0.160.81 ± 0.15n.s.
LV mass (g)102.74 ± 41.82115.18 ± 37.56n.s.
Relative wall thickness0.20 ± 0.040.19 ± 0.03n.s.
End-diastolic volume of the left ventricle (mL)70.18 ± 24.6679.63 ± 27.97n.s.
End-systolic volume of the left ventricle (mL)27.69 ± 9.8231.66 ± 11.78n.s.
Ejection fraction (%)61.29 ± 4.7760.16 ± 4.67n.s.
Stroke volume (mL)44.7 ± 14.449.3 ± 18.1n.s.
Cardiac output (L/min)3.7 ± 1.13.7 ± 1.3n.s.
Mitral inflow: E-wave (cm/s)95.36 ± 13.4596.86 ± 14.26n.s.
Mitral inflow: A-wave (cm/s)60.84 ± 12.2757.36 ± 10.41n.s.
E-wave/A-wave1.60 ± 0.281.72 ± 0.260.031
Mitral deceleration time (s)0.17 ± 0.040.18 ± 0.04n.s.
Isovolumetric relaxation time (s)0.05 ± 0.010.05 ± 0.01n.s.
S′ (cm/s)7.92 ± 0.978.17 ± 1.19n.s.
E′ (cm/s)12.54 ± 1.8113.03 ± 1.87n.s.
A′ (cm/s)5.42 ± 1.205.51 ± 1.11n.s.
E′/A′ (cm/s)2.44 ± 0.752.48 ± 0.72n.s.
E/E′ (cm/s)7.71 ± 1.207.56 ± 1.42n.s.

values calculated with the Man-Whitney test, level of significance = 0.05.